| The people's lives depend on the food, and the soil is the base of the food, the soil is related to the important strategic resources. Accroding to our country economy development and social progress, we paid more and more attention to the protection of the ecological environment, soil and water resources, the phenomenon of sacrifice for economic development as the price of ecological become permanent history.In recent years, our country attaches great importance to the work of water and soil conservation, the conservation of water and soil becomes our basic state policy. The new revision of was passed on December 2010 and carried out on March 1st,2011. Highway construction project in a certain extent, promoted the development of regional economy, however, this kind of construction project usually occupies amount of land, if we do not take any of the cases to protect soil and water, water and soil erosion is huge, therefore, to these kinds of construction projects which have great influence on the loss of soil and water shouldl be designed in the strictest land protection system, we can realize the target of soil and water conservation and economical use of land through the reasonable soil and water conservation scheme, preventing and control soil and water loss, scientific control the area of occupied land.Highway construction can change landform by earth-gathering, dealing with the bad geological sections, it also has defferent influence on vegetation, soil and terrain, and it can cause some new soil erosion inevitably. The phenomena of soil and water loss caused by highway construction projects is different with category, it may have different characteristics with the change of construction stage:the influence of soil environmental caused by highway construction projects is due to the erosion which is caused by soil excavation, after the completion of the project, and the soil vegetation conditions changes caused by run-off conditions of erosion. The main factors of soil erosion caused by highway construction are:the bare surface caused by the excavation of landslides; increasing the bare surface by filling embankment; damaging the original vegetation and soil conservation facilities in the construction process; Bad geological increase instability interference which caused soil erosion. Soil erosion caused by highway operation mainly appear in the early period of construction process, the factors which can cause soil erosion in the operating produce such as the excavation of the slope sections and roadbed, bare surface produced by take or abandon clay, destroyed vegetation construction land temporarily have not eliminate, ecological restoration measures in construction projects not return to the level before, there is still a degree of soil erosion. But compared with the stage of construction, the erosion degree was much less. With the gradual restoration and improvement of soil and water conservation ecological measures for highway, some of the factors related to the soil and water loss in construction process will gradually disappear, water and soil erosion will reduce gradually, until reaching new instability. Therefore, the highway construction affected soil erosion mainly manifested in the stage of construction. Highway roadbed construction process of the construction area, rock quarrying, earth taking and abandon soil piled up area are the most easy generation soil erosion area. Highway construction area will change the local physiognomy, it provided the favorable geomorphic condition for soil erosion, especially slope modification will aggravate the soil erosion, and may cause collapse, landslides, etc. If waste residues, abandon soil were dealed with improperly, it will aggravate the soil and water loss, sometimes provide solid clastic for mudslides, damage vegetation, aggravate soil erosion, dealing with pavement drainage processes improperly will also affect the soil erosion.According to the principal part of the project, the soil and water conservation measures was designed for major engineering area, including plasma stone-laying drainage design 103690m, cut ditch 31680m, roadbed fold 35518m2, surface soil arch revetment 6936.54 m3, stripping and backfilling cultivated.3800 strains, grass 258620 m2; The living on construction production 41.40 hm2 quasi-geoid elongate-shaped, quantity stripping measures in construction,8:28 million m3 living areas surrounding excavation soil drainage production 14972m earthvolume for 4791.04 m3. After the construction production living areas were used, the field of topsoil was cleaned up to reply stripping land renovation of vegetation restoration,41.40 hm2 of amorpha fruiticosa were planted,37 temporary production of clay were setted up according to needs in the construction of living areas, temporary pile of clay temporary heaps of earth by woven bag soil base of protection methods to sack soil of 4716m3, and 4716m layont cut ditch were designd around temporary heaps of earth, when the construction ended, cleaning the surface,4.14hm2 of vegetation were restored after the comprehensive level of clay. The sidewalk area of construction laid 3.57 hm2 elongate-shaped, stripping measures quantities were 0.71 million m3; Around the pavement in construction, excavation 14280m excavation earthvolume soil drainage for 4569.6 m3, when the construction ended, cleaning up the field of topsoil, reply stripping land renovation of vegetation restoration,3.57 hm2 of amorpha fruiticosa were planted after construction,49 temporary pile of clay were setted up according to the needs in the sidewalk area, temporary heaps of earth by woven bag soil base of damming up protection methods to sack soil of 5088m3, and 5088m layont cut ditch were designd around temporary heaps of earth, when the construction ended, cleaning the surface,0.36 hm2 of vegetation were restored after the comprehensive level of clay.The soil and water conservation reports principles were deeply discussed on the basis of designation, and following design ideas were proposed:1. "Prevention first", "make full use of engineering tunnel abandoned to reduce earth-gathering field conditions, abandon slag field area", it will save investment for the main body of project and will also reduce disturbance area.This scheme design concept notice prevention, communicating with the construction department actively, guarantee the principal part of the project construction optimization, suggesting the construction department increases the proportion bridge sui, reduce fill in engineering, and big dig site ensures that the principal part of the project in miyun, collapse from debris and easy cause serious landslide danger zone soil erosion and ecological deteriorating areas; In coordination with the main project construction unit, the plan will after abandon slag abandon stone tunnel to a certain processing full use of, after road embankment auxiliary materials as, thus can effectively solve engineering required large abandon slag area, also save game with construction feed, so at the same time could reduce the principal part of the project is expected to abandon slag soil field, the area of the game.2. Combining the natural characteristics of mountainous area in the northeast of Jilin province, the designated proposed division survey of soil and water loss and the possible problems and countermeasures in the forecast method were pointed out, the forecast method of soil and water loss was also studied. The project was located in national nature reserve of Changbai Mountain and forestry administration within the forest, which is not only a important road contact with FuSong town, Changbai town and other capital city, but also the important channel linked to Changbai mountain tourist road. Rolling along on higher ground, terrain, gully changes in development, water-eroded s is mainly oil erosion, according to the different influence of soil erosion between linear and typical area, and the different duration of soil and water loss between permanent covers and temporary covers, the main project can be divided into three area:major engineering line area, construction production biotope, construction sidewalk area, and then the forecasting analysis of soil and water loss was carried out. In order to ensure the accuracy of the prediction results, this scheme chose this project from close range to national highway WanLiang crane along the highway rebuilding project period corresponding soil erosion modulus determined with actual project construction preparation and the project construction of soil and water loss prediction soil erosion modulus value, the amount of soil and water loss was determined through calculation of the restore land area.3. The design method of the soil and water conservation project was discussed, and the design thinking "Land-use optimization of earth-gathering field and the temporary construction land, the construction rubbish was used sufficiently "was pointed out. In order to ensure the temporary land-use optimization in construction, the earth-gathering field was distributed evenly in the condition of ensuring earth material sufficient, local private houses should also be used sufficiently at the temporary construction site, and unnecessary disturbance process should be reduced. Excavation of roadbed project may produce silt soil that can be used to the conservation greening of soil and water.This paper mainly discussed the method to design the reports of soil and water conservation in general opinion, the design methods were innovated. The characteristics of mountainous soil erosion were also discussed from the aspect of ecological environment and the social environment, and then the principles and objectives of the prevention of soil erosion in Jilin province were presented, as well as the monitoring methods of soil and water conservation, and the engineering measures for controling soil erosion. It has certain reference value for designing the soil and water conservation plan in the future. |
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