Quality Evaluation On The Ginseng From Different Producing Regions And Some Ginseng Products In Market

The crude drug of ginseng is from the plant of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer, Araliaceae family, and belong to a famous and cherished drug all over the world. With the people's living standard and the self-healthcare awareness up, ginseng not only used as a kind of medicine but also used in chemical industry and as cosmetics, foods, beverage, and healthcare products.In recent years, the demand for domestic and international ginseng market is showing a gradual increasing trend, and its exported amount has been among the top of the total TCM drugs, but its quality evaluation is not going with the times, and the quality standards and quality management are relatively short and not perfect in its market. Carrying out the quality evaluation of the ginseng products, thus, has become very necessary to ensure the sustainable development of the industry in this situation.The internal quality of the ginseng roots produced in different regions were researched and analyzed in this experiments, items are ginsenosides and non-ginsenoside components (saccharides and two kinds of enzymes), and the co-relationship between the ginsenosides and non-ginsenoside is also analyzed. At the same time, the quality of the ginseng products (white and red ginseng products) in the market is evaluated, the main conclusions are as follows:1. The ginseng experimental samples are collected from different producing regions in the Northeast Three Provinces of China. The samples are classified as two types, one is belong to typical samples for it was produced in a middle scale base, and another type is in contrast cultivated in a small scale base. After the content of the total ginsenosides and some single ginsenosides being tested and compared, it is found that there are similar content of their components (not having significant differnces) and they all could reach the standard of the GB and CP of China, no matter where they produced. The results show that the regions of the Northeast Three Provinces of China are all suitable for ginseng production based on the components, and the advantage of standard cultivation is that it would produce pesticide-free ginseng roots to non-standard one.2. The same kind samples are found that there are more content of starch, reducing sugar, solvent sugar, total saccharides in the roots produced in Jilin than in Heilongjiang and Liaoning Province, but the content of the solvent protein and fat is in turn from high to low as Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Jilin. There are more various in the two enzymes, amylase activity shows no changing law and sucrase indicates more vigorous in Jilin ginseng.The analysis of the co-relationships between the content of ginsenosids and non-ginsenoside component in the ginseng roots shows that there is a close relationship between the content of ginsenosids and reducing sugar, solvent sugar and amylase activity. The co-relationship reaches to a positive significant difference (P<0.05) in the reducing sugar and amylase activity, and a very significant difference (P<0.01) in the solvent sugar.3. From the quality evaluation and the comparison of the ginseng products in the market, it is found there were much large differences, one third of them did not conform to National Quality Standard of Ginseng Products (GB) or Chinese Pharmacopeia (CP), which suggested the ginseng market should be managed urgently with the standardization. Of course, some low quality products are not conforming with the two standards at same time, whether or not it means that one standard need to be improved, and worth to be researched further.In summary, the quality of the ginseng in its main producing regions of the Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, its products in the market were evaluated in this thesis. It provides some basic data for knowing the quality status of our country ginseng products, and also suggests some principles for administration departments. The innovation is as the following three points: Firstly, the results could widely indicate the ginseng quality status as the samples typically covered large regions. Secondly, it primarily identify the close relationship between the content of ginsenosids and reducing sugar, solvent sugar and amylase activity, this is a method improve as crud evaluating ginseng quality. Thirdly, the general quality evaluation of the ginseng products in the market could supply a solid determined base for the ginseng administration departments.