| The experiment based on the 30 kinds of landscape trees and shrubs in Changchun City as material, analyzed the phenophase, carbon fixation and oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction and dust volume. Put forward 4 kinds of landscape configuration modes which fit Changchun city, based on the type of phenophase and seasonal variation as ornamental landscape indicators, based on carbon fixation and oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction, dust volume as improving the urban ecological environment eco-efficiency indicators, providing reference for the construction of landscape ecological green space in Changchun city. The results were as follows:(1)Investigated the phenophase of anthesis, leaf flushing starting period, fruit colorizing period and phenophase of autumn leaves of the 30 kinds of landscape trees in Changchun city, divided florescence phenophase into 4 kinds of types, which were pink, yellow, white and purple, of which the white flower trees were the main part, it could last from early May to mid-August; Divided leaf flushing phenophase into 4 kinds of types, which were green, tender green, red and white-green, of which the green leaves trees were the main part, it could last from mid-April to mid May;Divided fruit colorizing period phenophase into red, purple, yellow, white, of which the yellow fruit trees were the main part, it could last from early May to mid-October; Divided autumn leaves change color of phenophase into yellow, red, yellow-green, of which the yellow leaves trees were the main part, it could last from early September to mid-October.(2)Based on measuring the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, dust-retention,leaf area index determination of the 30 kinds of landscape trees in Changchun City, studied per unit leaf area, per unit land of carbon fixation and oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction, dust-retention. The results show that, there were significant differences of per unit leaf area of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and dust-retention among different kinds of trees. For examples, the carbon fixation and oxygen release of R.typhina were 12.78(g/m2·d) and 9.29(g/m2), that of X. sorbifolia were 43.7481(g/m2·d) and 31.81g/m2·d, there were 3.42 times disparity between them; The humidity increase and temperature reduction of C. ovata was 6.32(kg/m2·d) and 1.22(℃), which was 3.05 times than S. matsudana, which were 2.08 (kg/m2·d) and 0.40(℃); The dust-retention of U. pumila var.pendula was 1.961(g/m2), which was 4.22 times than P. armeniaca var. ansu, which was 0.465 (g/m2). But the differences between trees and shrubs was not significant, there were 16 kinds of arbor, the average numerical value of daily carbon fixation was 23.53 (g/m2·d), oxygen release was 17.11 (g/m2·d), humidity increase was 3.41(kg/m2·d), temperature reduction was 0.66(℃), dust-retention was 0.793(g/m2)。There were 14 kinds of shrub, the average numerical value of daily carbon fixation was 24.98 (g/m2·d), oxygen release was 18.17(g/m2·d), humidity increase was 3.51(kg/m2·d), temperature reduction was 0.68(℃), dust-retention was 0.711 (g/m2)。The differences of average per unit leaf area of carbon fixation and oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction, dust-retention between arbor and shrubs was significant, the per unit land of arbor carbon fixation and oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction of arbor were 1.3 times than shrub, the per unit land of dust-retention of arbor was 1.5 times than shrub. These showed that, the indicant of per unit land area could more accurately reflect the ecological effects of carbon fixation and oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction, dust-retention.(3)Based on the observations of phenophase and measurement of ecological benefits, and refer to the natural community composition and investigation of trees used in landscape, and combined ornamental function of landscape community and requite of ecological benefit, put forward 4 set of landscape ecology community:S. matsudana+P. davidavidiana+P. armeniaca var.ansu—F. suspense, B. platyphylla+P. maackii—P.triloba f.multiplex, U. pumila var.pendula—L. obtusifolium+P. schrenkii, P. amurense+A. truncatum—X. sorbifolia+V. sargenti+C. alba. |
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