Study On Identification Of Allelochemicals And Allelopathy Of Vitis Vinifera L.

Stems and leaves and roots of two varieties including the "Zana" and "GN-18" vitis vinifera L. plantet as donor materials be used to extract compounds with the method of extraction. Allelochemicals in the aqueous extracts of stems and leaves were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). By using Raphanus sativus L.,Lactuca sativa L.,Brassica campestris L. as receptor, the allelopathy and allelopathic mechanism of different concentrations aqueous extracts of two varieties were studied by measuring the seed germination,seedling growth and the enzymes. It will establish the important foundation for vitis vinifera L. Allelopathy further research and the vitis vinifera L. with other vegetables reasonable cropping system establishment. The main research results as follows:1. Stems and leaves of aqueous extracts of "Zana" and "GN-18" plantlets were analyzed with GC/MS. Sixty one compounds were identified from aqueous extracts of "Zana" and Sixty two compounds were identified from aqueous extracts of "GN-18", including alkane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and fatty acid.Alkane included straight-chain alkanes (C16-C37),Pristane,Phytane. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon included phenanthrene,retene,methyl fluorene,fluoranthene,pyrene,chrysene,benzanthracene,4-methyl-naphthalene,anthracene.Most of the long chain fatty acid including n-Hexadecanoic acid,Palmitoleic acid,n-Octadecanoic acid,Tetradecanoic Acid,Arachidic acid,1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid were reported that they were allelochemicals.Diethyl o-phthalate only existence in "GN-18" was reported it was allelochemicals. The main components were identified as 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and Hexadecanoic acid,their Relative amounts were 31.6% and 29.4% in Zana and accounted for 16.525% and 27.372% in "GN-18".2. The vitis vinifera L. varieties and apparatus tested the existence of allelopathy. on Raphanus sativus L.,Lactuca sativa L.,Brassica campestris L.,while their allelopathy was different. As the concentration of exacts increased,the inhibition increased,the aqueous extracts decreased the germination rate and germination index,shortened the root length,top height,fresh weight and dry weight at the concentration of O.lg/mL.The SE of Zana and GN-18 on Raphanus sativus L. were-0.45 and -0.22;on Lactuca sativa L. were -0.28 and -0.25;on Brassica campestris L were -0.28 and -0.23.On the contrary, the inhibition disappeared and even changed into stimulating effects when the concentration of extracts declined. When the concentration of 0.04g/mL SE of Brassica campestris L were 0.09 and 0.08So,there were dual effects on the concentration of exacts3. Stems and leaves aqueous extracts:Raphanus sativus L. had not been promoted by two varieties.The promoting effect of the "Zana" on Lactuca sativa L.and Brassica campestris L.was more remarkable than the "GN-18". The inhibitory effect became obviously stronger when the concentration increased. The inhibitory effect on Raphanus sativus L.and Brassica campestris L. was the "Zana"strongest, the "GN-18" had stronger inhibitory effect than the "Zana" on Lactuca sativa L.Roots aqueous extracts:Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica campestris L.had not been promoted by two varieties when the concentration least,the promoting effect on Lactuca sativa L. most the "Zana". However, the "Zana" was stronger inhibitory effect than the "GN-18" on three receptors. The "Zana" had obviously stronger inhibitory effect than the "GN-18" between Stems and leaves aqueous extracts and roots aqueous extracts.4. The sensitivity to allelopathy was different with the different parts of vitis vinifera L.aqueous extracts.The stems and leaves sensitivity were higher than that of roots.Compared with stems and leaves aqueous extracts and roots aqueous extracts of two donor, concentration at 0.1g/mL had the strongest allelopathy:for purposes of the "Zana", the inhibition Synthesis effect to stems and leaves aqueous extracts and roots aqueous extracts on Raphanus sativus L.,Lactuca sativa L.,Brassica campestris L. was respectively -0.48 and -0.41,-0.28 and -0.28,-0.33 and -0.33. For purposes of the "GN-18", the inhibition Synthesis effect to them on those of receptors was respectively -0.27 and -0.17,-0.33 and -0.17,-0.24 and -0.21.5. The sensitivity to allelopathy varied with different parts of receptors, and much of roots were higher than stems and leaves germination.Compared with seedlings and roots of three receptors:stems and leaves aqueous extracts of the "Zana", the maximum inhibition rate to seedlings and roots of Raphanus sativus L. Lactuca sativa L.,Brassica campestris L. was respectively 53.4% and 60.6%,17.7% and 35.6%,46.7% and 37.1%。Roots aqueous extracts of the "Zana", the maximum inhibition rate to them was respectively 48.8% and 56.8%,9.9% and 36.2%,8.8% and 50.9%。Stems and leaves aqueous extracts of the "GN-18",the maximum inhibition rate to seedlings and roots of Raphanus sativus L.,Lactuca sativa L.,Brassica campestris L. was respectively 30.5% and 33.6%,17.7% and 41.4%,38.7% and 19.5%。Roots aqueous extracts of the "GN-18", the maximum inhibition rate to them was respectively 26% and 15.7%,11% and 22%,21.8% and 32.7%.6. Studied on the effect of extract of vitis vinifera L. including "Zana" and "GN-18" on the enzymes in the receptor with different concentration between 0.04g/mL and O.lg/mL.The results indicated that the activity of the hyperoxide mutase (SOD), the peroxide enzyme (POD) and the catalase (CAT) were inhabited by allelochemicals of vitis vinifera L.The concent of MDA was increased.The variation of enzymes cut down the resistance and inhabite the growth and root activity of receptor plant.The allelopathic effect was observed. From the varieties of view, the physiological and biochemical reaction of the "Zana" much better than the "GN-18"; From aqueous extracts' organs of view, the physiological and biochemical reaction of stems and leaves much better than roots.