| Replant disease is one of most difficult problems in the process of renew of old orchard. It has theoretical and practical significance to explore the effective ways to alleviate apple replant disease.The experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2010 in root system lab, the Shandong key lab of fruit biology, Shandong Agricultural University. An apple rootstock, Malus hupehensis Rehd. was chosen as the experimental materials,potted with replant soil. Effects of organic materials including chicken manure, sheep manure and cow manure on the biomass of seedlings, physiological indicators of roots, and microbial indicators of the soil was studied. The main results are as follows:1. Three kinds of treatments were significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter close to ground, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root, fresh weight above ground, and dry weight above ground. Of them, chicken manure treatment increased most, and was 213.91%, 80.00%, 332.40%, 325.78%, 487.40% and 480.95% larger than control, respectively.2. Under the replant soil conditions, all the treatments improved the root respiration rate and mature functional leaf photosynthetic rate of the seedlings, and among of the treatments the application of chicken manure was more effective. The root respiration rate of treated with chicken manure was 0.59μmolO2·g-1FW·min-1, which was 1.38 times of control, and the leaf photosynthetic rate of it was 11.68μmol·m-2·s-1, which was 20.16% higher than control.3. The results showed that organic materials affected the metabolism of reactive oxygen, and O2·ˉand H2O2 contents in the roots of treatments were lower than the controls. SOD and POD activities in roots with treatment increased first and then declined, and were higher than the controls in the last stage, and the peaks of enzyme activities were found later than the controls; CAT activity in roots was in a downward trend, whereas the treatments fell less than the controls. 4. PAL and PPO activities in roots of treatments increased, and the both inroots were expressed as chicken manure > cow manure > sheep manure >control. CHI activity with the treatment of chicken manure significantly increased, but there were no significant differences among cow manure, sheep manure and control. GLU activity significantly increased, and showed as chicken >cow manure > sheep manure >control.5. Compared with the control group, the activities of soil urease, catalase, and invertase with treatments ascended in varying degrees. The activity of urease with sheep manure treatment was the highest in June, July, and September, which was 1.98, 1.87, and 0.52 times higher than control respectively, and the cow treatment was the highest in Auguest,which was 1.18 times higher than control. Catalase activity with sheep manure treated in June and September was the highest, which was 1.50 and 1.80 times of control respectively. While in July, and August, catalase activity with cow manure treated was the highest, which was 1.48 and 1.75 times of control. Invertase activity with sheep manure treated were the highest during the test, and in June, July, August, and September it was 1.33,1.49,1.54,and 1.52 times of control.6. After application of organic materials, the number of the soil bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly increased, but the number of fungi were significantly decreased. The number of bacteria treated with cow manure and chicken manure increased more, and the number of actinomycetes with chicken manure treated was the highest, which was 2.41, 1.93, 2.49, and 4.05 times of control. The number of fungi with chicken manure treated was always the lowest, which was 55.32%, 66.33%, 66.37%, and 65.33% lower than control.
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