| This thesis uses comparative study method to investigate the sources and applications of China and South Asian countries jianghuang (turmeric), Especially the difference of medical purposes.Jiang Huang (turmeric) is the dried root of Curcuma longa L, a tropical plant in Zingiberaceae Family. It is mainly distributed in India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia, and Philippines.In China, the main production in Sichuan, Fujian and other provinces. Jiang huang is widely used as flavoring, spices, dyes, cosmetics and medicine. Jiang huang’s medical history can be traced back to 4,000 years ago, there are lots of records of jiang huang in ancient documents in India, China and Indonesia.The exact origin of jiang huang remains unknown, but through searching the documents we got two possible about it. First, jiang huang is native to India, in the year 700 AD spread to China, in 800 AD it spread to East Africa, in 1200 AD spread to Western Africa and Arab traders carried turmeric to Europe in the 13th century, when it gradually became popular around the world. Second, jiang huang comes from South-East Asia, VietNam or China and later spread to India.In contrast, more experts provide evidence that turmeric originated in India, now jiang huang mainly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions.Through the collection, access and summed up a number of South Asian countries(India, Indonesia, Thailand), represented of jiang huang application of books and documents concluded in South Asia generally can be classified into medicinal use and non-medicinal use, however, specific applications are different in different countries. Non-medicinal use includes spices, perfumes, dyes, offering in traditional ceremonies and cosmetics, while for medicinal purposes, it can treat digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, etc. The application of jiang huang has a long history in India and is records in various forms. There is also evidence that jiang huang about 2,000 years ago began to be used in traditional Chinese medicine.By comparing the similarities and differences in the applications of turmeric between China and the South Asian countries, obtained in the South Asian countries applied more widely, not only as a drug, but also as an application as spices, food and beverages, dyes, cosmetics, and traditional ceremonies. In terms of spice and seasoning, jiang huang can be used not only to flavor, but also for food coloring, preservative and can eliminate the smell of fish and meat. A jiang huang beverage made not only delicious, but also enhance the body resistance, warm the body and a certain lose weight. As a dye, it can be used not only for food, also for dyeing silk and wool. As cosmetics, it makes your skin shiny and smooth. In India and Indonesia, jiang huang is important in religious and traditional ceremonies such as birth celebrations, weddings, sacrificial ceremonies.The most common applications of jiang huang between China and South Asian countries are treating digestive diseases (stomachache), gynecological diseases (irregular menstruation, postpartum fever), relieving pain (scapulohumeral periarthritis, toothache, etc). However, in the South Asian country, turmeric also can be used for respiratory diseases (cough, cold and asthma), skin diseases (itching, eczema), dizziness, high blood pressure. Modern research has found that turmeric can also treat diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cancer and other diseases. In terms of dosage, both China and South Asian countries are often used is 3-10 grams. But the South Asian countries use jiang huang powder amount used is 1-5 g, while used the fresh one, used two times a day, about 6-20 grams. As for contraindications, it is recorded that jiang huang is contra indicated for pregnant women or those with menorrhagia in both China and South Asia. |
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