Study On Effects Of Water And Fertilizer On The Yield And Quality Of Edible Cactus

Edible cactus is a kind of new developed functional type vegetable in our country. The study on the request of water and fertilizer and about the physiological response of edible cactus is nearly blank in our country. So the effects of irrigation and fertilizer on the growth and yield and quality of cactus are studied .The purpose is for the sake of investigate out the request in water and fertilizer under the native condition In order to get high efficient cultivation technique. The research results are as follows: 1. Effect of irrigation amount on yield and quality of edible cactusThis test comes into use potted plant to study the effects of five irrigation amount as 1000mL/pot (Equal to irrigation amount as 18kg/m~2 in 25cm arable layer), 1500mL/pot (Equal to irrigation amount as 27kg/m~2 in 25cm arable layer ), 2000mL/pot (Equal to irrigation amount as 36kg/m2 in 25cm arable layer) , 2500mL/pot (Equal to irrigation amount as 27kg/m in25cm arable layer) , 3000mL/pot (Equal to irrigation amount as 54kg/m~2 in 25cm arable layer) on yield and quality of edible cactus. The research results are as follows: The second cladode of cactus grows faster along with increase irrigation amount. But the differences in the treatments of high irrigation amount show no significance. It is indicate that within limits increase irrigation amount can accelerate growing of the second cladode of cactus, but exceed the limits the effect of accelerate show no significance. And increase irrigation amount can significant accelerate the commodity yield of edible cactus. But when irrigation amount reach to 1500ml/pot the effect of accelerate show no significance. The commodity yield of irrigation amount as 2000ml/pot is the tallest than other treatments, and is 1 5times on irrigation amount as 1000mL/pot But compare with irrigation amount as 1500mL/pot, 2500mL/pot , 3000 mL/pot the difference show no significance. The commodity yieLd of treatment order is irrigation amount as 2000mL/pot >3000mL/pot >1500mL/pot >2500mL/pot >1000mL/pot. And increase irrigation amount can decrease the production efficiency of water. And increase irrigation amount can increase the content of soluble total sugar and flavonoid, and decrease the content of soluble protein nitrate organic acid. Put together, under the condition in this test , the treatment of irrigation amount as 2000mL/pot is better, equal to commodity yield as 12.31kg/m~2,the quality is better too. The treatment of irrigation amount as 1000mL/pot is worse.2. Effect of irrigation interval on yield and quality of edible cactusThis test is to study the effects of five irrigation interval as 5d^ 10d> 15d, 2C^ 25d irrigation amount as 2000mL/pot (Equal to 36kg/m2 in 25cm arable layer) in once on yield and quality of edible cactus. The research results are as follows: The second cladode of cactus grows lower along with increase irrigation interval, and the buds emerging is suppressed. The cactus of irrigation interval as lOd and 15d is growing better, the difference between them show no significance. But the differences in treatments of high irrigation amount show no significance. The commodity yield of treatment order is irrigation interval asl0d>20d>5d>15d>25d. There is the trend that increase irrigation interval can increase the content of soluble total sugar and flavonoid, the content of soluble protein nitrate organic acid in the treatments of irrigation interval as 5d and 25d are higher, but in other three treatments are lower relatively. So excessively long and short irrigation interval is disadvantage to the growth of cactus. Put together, under the condition in this test, the treatment of irrigation interval as lOd is better, the yield and quality of it are all better. The treatments of irrigation interval as 5d and 25d are worse relatively.3. Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on yield and quality of edible cactusThis test come into use the method of randomized block to study the effects of three irrigation amount and five apply fertilizer amount on yield and quality of edible cactus. The research results are as follows. The effect of apply fertilizer on the growth of cactus show no significance, but the second cladode of cactus grows faster along with increase apply fertilizer amount. The effect of irrigation amount on the growth of cactus show significance, and cactus grow faster along with increase irrigation amount. Under a certain amount of apply fertilizer, increase irrigation amount can significant increase the yield. Under a certain amount of irrigation, increase apply fertilizer amount can increase the yield, but the difference of it show no significance. Increase irrigation amount can increase the content of soluble total sugar, soluble protein, flavonoid, organic acid and decrease the content of nitrate. The effect of apply fertilizer on the content of organic and chlorophyll show no significance, but increase apply fertilizer amount can significant increase the content of soluble total sugar, and the content of soluble protein and flavonoid are also increase along with increase apply fertilizer amount, but the effect shows no significance. Analyze the commodity yield data via stepwise regressed, we get a optimum stepwise regression equationY=-2.456845685+0.5024090287X1-0.005294144666X2i+0.006685787615X1X2R=0.91313**, (Y-commodity yield kg/m2, Xi-irrigation amount kg/m2,X2-apply fertilizer amount kg/m2), The optimum solution of the equation is Xj=54.39 X2=10.32, Y=12.96. Consideration synthesis with the commodity yield and production efficiency of water, the treatment of saving water -, high yield and high efficiency is that irrigation amount as 2500mL/pot (Equal to 40kg/m2 in 25cm arable layer) apply fertilizer amount as 640g/pot(Equal to 10.4kg/m2 in 25cm arable layer, equal to amount of available N> P> K: the amount of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 10.8g/nT, the amount of available P is 21.3g/m", the amount of available K is 55g/m2 ). Apply chemical fertilizer is worse than apply fertilizer amount as 640g/pot( Equal tol0.4kg/rrf in 25cm arable layer) whether in cactus growth or on the quality. Therefore, the chemical fertilizer can be replaced by chicken muck in cactus cultivation. 4. The dynamic change trend of quality of cactus and conform the gather timeThis experiment is investigating the main quality of cactus at different growth period. We discovered that, at the growth period of 26days to gather is better. The content of soluble total sugar, soluble protein and flavonoid are the tallest. But nitrate, nitrite and organic acid content are low. And we still discover that the quality of cactus is daily variation. The content of soluble total sugar and soluble protein are the tallest. But the content of nitrate and organic acid are low.