Study On The Physiological Characters Of Osmunda Japonica Thunb. And Its Bacteriostatic Test From Wild Form

Osmunda Japonica Thunb., which commodity name is "osmunda", not only is one of the good value pteridophytes in these years, but also is exported to Japan and the southeast of Asia as a "green food"every year. In this paper, with the perennial young leaves, Osmunda Japonica Thunb. was classied for two subspecies:red leaf and green leaf, and the sporophyllary leaf and foliage leaf were in the two subspecies. The rates of dry weight, contents of chlorophyll, contents of soluble protein, contents of soluble sugar, contents of malonic aldehyde(MDA),the changes of activities of peroxidase(POD),and the constituent of amino acid were measured in the edible stage. The water extracts and alcohol extracts from the dry preparation were used to study the bacteriostatic activities on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphy lococus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium citrinum Thom .The basic condition of aseptical culture were researched. The change law of physiological characters of Osmunda Japonica Thunb.in the edible stage, the bacteriostatic activities of the water extracts and alcohol extracts to some microorganism, and the optimum condition of aseptical culture were primary illuminated. The results were as follows:1. Primary study on the physiological characters in the edible stageIn the four subspecies the rates of dry weight decreased gradually and then increased a little. The contents of soluble protein , soluble sugar and chlorophyll increased. The activities of POD increased, too. But the contents of MDA decreased. In addition, in every times of sampling, the rates of dry weight, contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll in the green leaf subspecies were all higher than the red one. The activities of POD were more activity, but the contents of MDA were lower. Seventeen common amino acids which included nine essential amino acids were measured. The contents of Glu were the most of all, the Asp and Leu were the second, the least of all were Cys and His. It all showed that the green leaf subspecies were better than the red one, and could be popularized.2. Study on bacteriostatic activities of extractsAll parts of Osmunda Japonica Thunb. had different bacteriostatic activities which the underground parts were more effective than the aerial parts. There were not obviously discrimination between the red leaf subspecies and the green one, sporophyllary leaf and foliage leaf, and lignification or not. The bacteriostatic activities of extracts were most effective to Bacillus subtilis and Staphy lococus aureus, a little to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and not at all to Penicillium .It showed that Bacillus subtilis and Staphy lococus aureus were the better indicator to choose medicinal pteridophytes, and bacteria were more sensitive to the extracts than fungi.There were more effective and wide bacteriostatic activities to alcohol extracts than to water extracts, and there were the biggest average diameters of the inhibition zone to Staphy lococus aureus. It showed that different extract methods and different tested microorganism would have different results. Alcohol extract method was better than water extract method.3. Primary study on aseptical cultureThe optimum time of disinfection was about nine minutes by HgCl. There were good effect by using leaflet or root tip as explants while the petiolule were easily browned and contaminated. It was not good effect on induction and proliferation of callus from leaflet by using different hormones, and did not induce callus from root tip. It was better to induce callus in light than in dark. It showed that there was not a good prospect to study on rapid propagation of Osmunda Japonica Thunb. like angiosperma from the induction of callus.There was better effect on surface disinfection by using sporophyllary leaf than by using spores. There was high germination rate of spores while the concentration of hormones were lower than 1.0 mg/L, and 2.0-5.0 mg/L was inhibitive for spores germination. Low concentration of inorganic salt was good for spores germination and it was suitable to half the concentration of inorganic salt from MS medium. The concentration of sugar was suitable from 2% to 3% or the spores germination rate would be very low. The pure sucrose could be instead by common white sugar.The temperature of 25 °C was suitable for prothallium proliferation and there was a inhibition when the temperature was lower than 20 °C or big temperature shift betweenthe day and night. The concentration of inorganic salt could not affect obviously the prothallium proliferation. To add a little activated carbon and KH2PO4 to medium was good for prothallium proliferation.Hormones of 6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L, 6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L, NAA0.5mg/L +KT 5.0mg/L, NAA1.0mg/L+KT5.0mg/L were all good for prothallium proliferation. It was best to differentiate rhizoid by using the hormones of 6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L.