Analysis On Technical Effects About Conservation Tillage Of Winter Wheat In Dry Plateau Of WeiBei

Dry plateau in WeiBei is the important production base of foodstuff, fruit and livestock in our province and the optimally fitting area for high-quality foodstuff, fruit and stockbreeding. Most of this area belongs to variable zone climate of either half wetness or half wetness leaning to drought. Sunlight and heat are relatively abundant, but precipitation is small, surface and ground water are scarce and water for agroproduction primarily depends on natural precipitation, which leads the area to typically rain-fed agriculture. Drought has been a primary fact that restricts agricultural development of dry plateau in WeiBei. Traditional cultivation system can not suit developmental demand of durative agriculture that not only develops production but also protects entironment and not only enhances yield but also reduces cost. Regarding mature technic as hole, exploring agricultural pattern of durative development and strengthening construction of zoological agriculture has some representation and lead. How to raise using rate of natural precipitation, well protect entironment and realize durative development in agriculture are important problems about agricultural development of dry plateau in WeiBei. The research was done in 2002～2004, which regarded winter wheat as material, combined naturally zoological conditions about climate, soil, water and so on and combined bestrow technic by stalks, deep-loose technic, few cultivation, free cultivation, fertilization, seeding, prevention against weed, plant diseases and insect pests with corresponding high-yield planting. Through research on total population, total plowland area, crop distribution and breeding in proving ground and mensuration and statistical analysis about precipitation and nutrient content in soil after harvesting wheat, we established implementary and technical project and determined reasonable technical route and conservation tillage machine. We elementarily established conservation tillage system and operational rule. Aiming at existing problem in popularizing conservation tillage of winter wheat, we advanced improving measure and advice, expecting to provide reference for farmers, sci-technicians and personnel of command who are striving with soil power reducing and entironment exacerbating. The results showed: Conservation tillage canceled plowshare and freely ploughed and seeding on premise of preserving surface slipcover, in order to preserve enginery of soil,s self-protection building, which was revolutionary change for mechanical cultivation from purely reconstructing nature to utilizing nature, developed in phase with nature and had obviously economical, social and zoological benefit. Firstly, it could reduce surface flow at 60%, raise water content in soil at 6.7%, reduce water amount in farmland at 10.9mm, raise sluice at 36.2mm and using rate of water at 10.5%. Secondly, through bestrow with stalk, it improved edaphic structure, and enhanced potential fertility. Thirdly, it prevented setting stalk on fire, reduced environmental pollution, restrained plant diseases and insect pests, and sandstorm. Fourthly, it enhanced crop yield (per hectare increased 330kg and 396yuan), reduced 3～4 pieces of working procedure and cost 400.5yuan and increased income 796.5yuan of farmers.