Selection Of Off-Season Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Cultivars And Study On Co-Effect Of Temperature And Photoperiod On Garlic

Using the garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. HanZhong, this paper investigated the co-effects of temperature and photoperiod on the garlic growth and development of garlic scape and bulb, which were treated with different temperature (15℃, 20℃, 25℃) and photoperiod (14h, 10h) at the stage of 5 or 6 leaves. The results showed as followed:(1) The co-effect of temperature and photoperiod treatment on first plant growth of garlic were significant. The long light period and moderate high temperature promoted the elongation growth. (2) The moderate high temperature and long light period were two main environmental factors, which promoted to shaping of garlic bulb. Bulbing radio of garlic increased with temperature rising. Bulbing radio of garlic with 14h light treatment was significantly higher than that of garlic with 10h light treatment. The co-effect of temperature and photoperiod treatment on garlic bulbing ratio of garlic were significant. The selection for off-season culture was made with 11 garlic cultivars, by analyzing on the basis of first plant growth,nutritive quality and yield characters of garlic scape and bulb. The results showed: cultivar PengXian late-maturity,cultivar 85 and cultivar 88 adapt to off-season culture. Treated by co-effect of different temperature (0℃,5℃,10℃,15℃) and its duration to seed clove, effects of low temperature on sprouting,first plant growth,bolting and secondary growth have been investigated with three garlic cultivars (HanZhong,GaiLiang,CangShan). The results indicated as follows: (1) Low temperature treatment promotes to break dormancy of garlic. Under 0~5℃conditions, after 30~60d (HanZhong and GaiLiang) and 45d (CangShan) treatment, the results showed high sprouting rate and advance of seedling sprouting phases. (2) HanZhong pseudo-stem diameter has increasing current with prolonging low temperature duration to seed clove and has decreasing current with enhancing treatment temperature. There isn't apparent rule on effects of low temperature and its duration to seed clove on pseudo-stem diameter of garlic cv. GaiLiang and CangShan. (3) Low temperature treatment facilitates date of bolting of garlic. Bolting rate of three varieties entirely represented increasing current with treatment temperature enhancing in the range of temperature from 5℃to 15℃. Bolting rate of three varieties entirely indicated increasing current with low temperature duration to seed clove prolonging in the range of duration from 10d to 45d. (4) Secondary growth of garlic was induced by low temperature about 0~5℃and low temperature duration to seed clove about 10~60d, but different varieties responded to low temperature treatment variously. SGo and SGi of garlic cv. HanZhong and garlic cv. Cangshan have changed, however garlic cv. GaiLiang not. SGo of garlic cv. HanZhong and garlic cv. GaiLiang entirely indicated increasing current with reducing temperature; SGi of garlic cv. CangShan indicated increasing current with reducing temperature and prolonging low temperature duration to seed clove.