Induced Polyploid Breeding Of Pepper

The tested material include 4 variants of Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens L.syn Cannuum L:var.conoides,var fascicalatum,var.longum and var.grossom.15 species were treated using L.D.Cau means with 0.2% colchicine solution.Many variant plants of all cultivars were got.We surveyed and researched the mutations of this variant plants by morphology and cytology,and the differences of Esterase Isozymes between some mutant varieties and diploid were compared.Meanwhile,we regarded the few seeds and thick pulp as objective characteristics of breeding new cultivars. High quality polyploid pepper cultivars were gotten with few seeds and thick pulp characteristics.The results is as follows: (1) Obvious changes have taken place on the induced plants.In comparison with normal plants,mutant plants showed the following features :checked growth,darken green and thicker leaf,smaller leaf shape index, large stomata size, small stomata desity, large flower,and the number and viability of pollen is decreased. (2) The fruit characteristics were investied .The plant lines were selected that they had some high quality charateristics including thick pulp ,few seeds and big placenta.The chromosome number of diploid are 24,while mutant plants are 48.Chromosome configuration at M I in PMC meiosis between diploid and autotetraploid were studied.The meiosis of diploid is normal,in pre-phase Ιthere are 12 bivalents.while the induced. plants is abnormal,in PMC meiosis there are multivalent,bivalent and univalent.while the pure lines have the frequency of univalent . (3) The esterase Isozymes of some mutant varieties and diploid were studied.The result is as follows:Significant differences of esterase Isozymes between diploid and autotetraploid,So the polyploid is real. (4) By inbreeding selection two polypolid pepper were got:zhongjiao6hao 02-1 and chaotianjiao 02-2.The two pure lines had been breeded for 2-3 years,They will be taken further steps to breeding high quality cultivars.