Studies On Reproductive Biology And Growth Character Of Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus At Qingdao Nearshore

Research on reproductive biology of the Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus is demonstrated in this thesis, on the base of rionthly samples collecting and routine fishery biological observing and measuring for years. The methods applied for measurement are optical microscopy and ebctrical microscopy. The research on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus involves the following aspects as its growth character, its gonad growth variation and its growth differences affected by different foods. The results can offer valuable reference to multiplication of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.The primary results can be described in the following respects as:1. Clear relationships are obtained between shell diameter and shell weight, between shell height and shell weight, between shell diameter and shell height, also between gonad weight and weight. The relationship between shell diameter and weight takes the appearance as W=0.0006D2.8056 ( r=0.9269) ,and relationship between shell height and weight takes the appearance as W=0.0181H2.2334 (r=0.8545) ,and relationship between shell diameter and shell height takes the appearance as H=0.6345D-2.2047 (r=0.9322) ,and relationship between gonad weight and weight takes the appearance as GW=0.1801W - 0.4554 (r=0.7662 ) .2. There is a slightly difference for gonad index in different years for the urchins. And there is an obvious difference for gonad index of sample groups with different shell diameter. Commonly, sample groups with bigger shell diameter have higher gonad index than those with smaller shell diameter. Besides, sample groups with bigger shell diameter mature earlier and last longer than those with smaller shell diameter.3. Urchins at Qingdao nearshore mainly as old 3 years takes on the biggest percentage of the whole group resources, those as old as 2 years and 4 years takes onthe second large percentage, and those younger than 2 years or older than 4 years are exiguous. The result indicates that the urchin resources of Qingdao are imbalance on age structure, and the urchin stock biomass is scarce.4. The developmental cycle of ovary can be carved up: recovery phase (the first ten days of a month of July to the middle ten days of a month of October), growth phase (the last ten day of a month of October to the middle ten days of a month of January), premature phase (the last ten day of a month of January to the first ten days of a month of March), mature phase (the middle ten days of a month of March to the middle ten days of a month of April), late volley phase (the last ten day of a month of April to the last ten day of a month of June).5. The developmental cycle of testis can be carved up: recovery phase (the middle ten days of a month of July to the middle ten days of a month of October), growth phase ( the last ten day of a month of October to the middle ten days of a month of November), premature phase (the last ten day of a month of November to the middle ten days of a month of January), mature phase (the last ten days of a month of January to the middle ten days of a month of May), late volley phase (the last ten day of a month of May to the first ten day of a month of July).6. Gonad of male group develops faster than female group. Male obviously matures earlier than female, and mature time of male group lasts longer than female group.7. Spermatozoa of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus belong to the type of flagelloform, it has a coniform cell nucleus on its head, a small apical body on its forepart, four mitochondria, a couple of central granules, and a flagellum. Besides, it has cortical granule in its ovary which is singularly in other invertebrate.8. Undaria pinnatifida is more favorable for feeding urchins than Ulvapertusa to have higher growth increment in weight, shell diameter, shell height. And the development degree of gonad fed with Undaria pinnatifida is obvious better than those fed with Ulvapertusa.