Study On Characteristic Observation And Rapid Propagation Technology Of The Almond Varieties Introduced From America

By systematically observed the shape, development, fruiting habit,economic character and adaptability of almond varieties introduced fromAmerica. And 3 fine varieties were selected from them. The result showed 3almond varieties grafted on rootstock of Prunus davidiana, performed very wellin Weibei plateau, shannxi province. The trees began to bear in the 3rd year afterplanted, and the yield reached 1.78~2.03kg per tree in the 5th year. The treesbloomed in the middle or late March, and the flower season over lapped and sothey can pollinated each other. The developing days for different almondvarieties were different, but the fruit diameter growth of almond showed thegrowth curve of S shape. The fruits growed very fast in early period, but slowedin late period. By the middle of May the diameter of the fruit reached 80%~90%of the total. The Nonpareil variety matured from 25 July to 25 August; theMission variety matured in the period of 11~15 September. Their kernels wereplump with a good appearance. The kernels contained 49.62%~52.49% roughfat, 20.9%~29.0% rough protein, 1.8%～1.9%mg/kg VB2 and were rich inamino acid, ca, Mg and other trace elements, which were similar to the nutritioncontents of the almond kernel produced in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The rapid propagation technology of 3 almond varieries was primariedstudied by tissue culture meet the demond of producing a lot of nursery stocds.The sterile system was developed used tip meristem of 3 almond cultivars asexplant, and it is the optimum disinfectant time and concentration of mercuricchloride was 11 minutes and 0.2%. Through culturing the shoot tips of 3 almondcultivars which were sekected in first 10-day period of March and May, itshowed: selecting the explant in March needed small amount hormone andsprouted quickly but selecting the explant in May required more hormone tointraduce successfully and .sprouted slowly. Orthogonal experiment was designed for plant hormone. The optimumtreatments for 3 almond cultivars initial culture were respectively as follows:Nonpareil 1/2 MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L +NAA0.1mg/L; Ne plus ultra1/2MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L; Mission 1/2MS+6-BA 0.75mg/L+NAA0.1mg/l. It is the same as the initial culture, orthogonal experiment was designed forexternal hormone in subculture. The best plant hormone concentration ratios for3 almond cultivars were respectively: Nonpareil and Ne plus ultra 6-BA0.5mg/L,GA3 0.2mg/L; Mission 6-BA0.75mg/L, GA3 0.05mg/L.