Study On Soil Inorganic Nanoparticles

The notion of "nanometer" was firstly introduced into the study of soil science. The inorganic nanoparticles were extracted from soils by the chemical and physical dispersion methods .Various influence factors were discussed on extraction of soil inorganic nanoparticles (SINP), the type feature also was distinguished, and TEM, AFM, ICP-AES, FTIR etc, modern measure methods were adopted to study the formation, conversion, characteristics, chemical constitution and self-assemble action of SINP. The results are showed as follow:The amount of extraction nanometer particles from soils was affected by many factors, wetting and drying cycle and alternate freezing and thawing can improve the extraction of SINP, at the same time, the constitution of SINP was also changed with the increase of extraction amount. It was benefit to increase the extraction amount of SINP by prolonging oscillation and ultrasonic action or increasing the conductive intense. It was also benefit to increase the extraction amount by adding chemical diffusion materials, but the method made the pH of nanometer solution rise towards alkali. In order to restore medium, It need to get rid of a lot of salt ions with electro dialysis In the course of electro dialysis, if the intense of electric field was extreme, all nanoparticles move toward positive electrode, which suggested SINP had negative electric charges.TEM images of SINP show that the particle shape of SINP are mainly globular, lamellar, columnar, cone,nucleus, etc.The self-assembling actions of nanoparticles were researched, it was discovered that different nanoparticles interacted according to linear assembling from sol to non-sol situation. The conclusion was obtained that the linear assembling of soil nanoparticles is the reason of soil plasticity, which is a new interpret about soil plasticity.The elemental constitution of nanoparticles of black soil, scovchernozem, lessive soil were similar by ICP-AES and FTIR analysis. The main element was still Si , Al, Fe . The reason was mainly because of the same parent materials that the three kinds of soils have was loess sediment. It showed the constitution and formation of SINP were directly related to parent material of soil.Humic acid and SINP were very difficult to form organic-mineral order assemble complexes, but they can form a lot of disorder self-assemble complexes, which are the basic units forming soil aggregates, therefore, the assemble aggregation is the real reason for soil aggregate formation.On the mineral surface and liquid-solid interface, SINP can assemble themselves to form films. This assemble action is relation to the character of mineral surface. On the active surface, SINP was liable to self-assemble reaction. But it was difficult to do that on inactive surface. The self-assembling action on active surface was similar to that on liquid-solid interface.The interaction between SINP and soluble little molecule organic matters(LMOM) was obvious, but various LMOM interacted with SINP in different ways. The differences ofinteractions between various organic matter and SINP were sum up as following points: (1) SINP and some LMOM can generate organic-mineral complex and form deposit, and that was irreversible reaction. (2)SINP can improve some water-soluble organic matter deposit. (3) SINP can catalysis and improve LMOM conversion. (4)Some LMOM can improve SINP coacervation.Different LMOM were different in reaction speed. Organic acid had the most quick reaction speed, this was direct relation to the instability of nanometer particles under acid condition. The reaction of sugar was relatively slow, in the three kinds of .The reaction speed of fructose and SINP was the most quick. Different Ass had great difference, the reaction of ASP was the most quick accompanying air bulk, the following were Lys, Thr, Arg. The reaction of Sys was the most slow. This was similar to sugar compound The assemble principle of various Ass and various SINP was different. In the term of deposit assemble complex mainly composed of inorganic...