| The physical and chemical properties, fertility properties and microbe activity of artificial mixed substrates and their effects on growth and development of sweet cherry were studied by potting and brick tank planting using vermiculite, slag, carbonized rice chaff, peat, rotten leaves soil, gravel, rotten straw, and common garden soil as basic ingredients. The results were as follows:1. The densities of substrates applied gravel were higher. Ratio of solid phase was too high in three phases and liquid phase too low, that was easy to cause drought. The growth of roots was inhibited. The density of substrates and ratio of three phase were reasonable by applying peat, carbonized rice chaff and vermiculite. that made water-holding capacity stronger, and the integrate characteristics of substrates were relatively suitable. The physical and chemical properties of substrates applied slag were between the upper two kinds of substrates.2. The available nitrogen content reduced slightly in substrates applied slag and peat from spring to summer, and was higher in autumn, that could supply available nitrogen stably. The available phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents in substrates applied gravel were lower in the whole growing season. Organic matter contents were higher in all substance compared with the Ck and the organic matter levels were very high all along in substrates applied carbonized rice chaff, slag and peat.3.The numbers of bacteria and fungus were large in spring, and of actinomyces was high in autumn. Plenty of organic matter and available nitrogen in substrate applied peat, vermiculite and carbonized rice chaff could supply enough source for microbe, supply the foundation for appearing large quantity of microbe, which on the contrary to substrates applied gravel.4. Substrates applied peat and vermiculite enlarged shoot number of sweet cherry and percentage of spur, which could make earlier and high crops. But substrates applied slag, gravel and carbonized rice chaff decreased shoot number of sweet cherry and percentage of spur.5. It could promote flower bud differentiating in advance and give earlier production in substrates applied gravel, slag and double quantity of vermiculiteand substrates applied peat and vermiculite were worse. Substrates applied carbonized rice chaff was the worst ones on flower bud differentiation and earlier crops.6. Substrates applied less gravel, less slag, peat, and vermiculite were good to number of leaf, average leaf area, total leaf area, length of shoot, and thickness of shoot, which were profit for growth and development of sweet cherry. On the other hand, substrates applied carbonized rice chaff, more gravel and more slag were not good.7. The fine roots grew better in the substrates applied peat, vermiculite and slag, which provided nutrition and water supplying for the growth of upper part of plant. And substrates applied gravel and carbonized rice chaff inhibited fine root growing.8. Soluble sugar contents in leaves were higher in substrates applied peat, slag, less carbonized rice chaff and less gravel, and contents of soluble sugar and starch were lower in the whole time in the substrates applied more carbonized rice chaff and gravel, which were not good to the growth and development of plants. The contents of soluble sugar and starch in shoot were higher in phloem, which indicated that the photosynthetic production in leaves was conveyed to the phloem. Soluble sugar contents in shoot were higher in substrates applied peat and gravel, and starch mainly located in 1-year-old shoot. Protein content was higher slightly in 2-year-old phloem compared with other parts, and were higher in substrates applied double quantity of gravel and carbonized rice chaff.9. Total nitrogen contents in cherry leaves were stable in the whole growing season, which were higher in substrates applied peat. Total phosphorus and potassium contents in leaves were higher in summer, and were lower in substrates applied slag and gravel,...
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