| Soil animals, the integral members of ecosystem, the important consumers and special decomposers in ecosystem, are playing a special and significant role in ecosystem. Up to now, there have no special reports about soil animals in Qinling area, shaan'xi province. In April, May, July, September and October in2003, we have investigated five times in 7 different habitats on the Chang'an Guangtou Moutain with mainly purposes to provide important theoretic basis and basic information for maintaining balance of ecosystem and protecting biodiversity in this region as well as Qinling area.The paper mainly studied the biodiversity of soil animals communities in composition, seasonal variation, vertical distribution, biodiversity, similarity and coefficient of biotope distribution on the Chang'an Guangtou Mt. In the meantime, the reciprocity between biotope and soil animals communities was studied. The results are as follows.1.A total of 16992 specimens belong to 4 phyla, 14 classes and 29 groups were collected. Among them, 2244 individuals were large-size soil animals account for 13.21% of the total collected population, belong to 4 phyla, 11 classes and 23 groups, and 14748 individuals were middle-and small-sized soil animals account for 86.79% of the total collected population, belong to 3 phyla, 12 classes and 27 groups. Acarina and Collembola are dominant groups; Diptera larva, Enchytraeidae, Coleoptera adult, Coleoptera larva, Lithobiomorpha and Geophilomorpha are the common groups. The number of rare and extremely rare groups is 21.2.The trend of the changes in groups number of soil animals in different seasons wasautumn=spring>summer,and in different months wasMay>September>October>July>April. The trend of the changes in individuals number of soil animals was September>October>May>April>July. The trend of the changes in population density of large-sized soil animals was May>September>October>July>April. The trend of the changes in population density of middle-and small-sized soil animals wasSeptember>October>May>April>July. In conclusion, individuals number and population density of soil animals in this region had the same seasonal variation which was autumn>spring>summer.3.The character of vertical distribution was that the groups and individuals of middle-and small-sized soil animals on the A layer more than those on the B and C layer. Soil animals were always assembled on surface layer.4.Statistics analysis was indicated that the trend of the changes with month in the diversity index (H ' ) was coincident with that of eveness index ( J) and richness index (E), and contrary to that of dominance index (C). The indices of H ' of soil animals communities in 7 different habitats were variated with different months. Average H ' indices of the Laix chinensi much higher than those of others in all habitats, and that of the artificial larchwood was lowest.One-way ANOVA was applied on the indices of H ' , J, C, and E. The results showed: when based on habitats data, each of them had no significant difference (P>0.05), however, based on months data, each of them had significant difference (P<0.05). In conclusion, the 7 habitats conditions were similar and they had variation in different seasons.5.Clustering and principal component analyse (PCA) were done by using the community parameters of groups, individuals, index H ' , index J, index C and index E. The consistent results show that the 7 communities have high similarity and similarity coefficient between Laix chinensis forest and coniferous-broadleaf-mixed forest was the highest.6.By analyzing the biotope distribution coefficient of soil animalsin this region. Wefound that 13 groups were abroad distribution pattern account for 44.80% of the total collected population, 5 middle distribution pattern groups account for 17.20% and 11 narrow distribution pattern groups account for 38.00%. It is obvious that the groups of abroad distribution pattern gave priority to others and made of the basic of soi... |
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