Studies On Cyto-Morphological And Cyto-Chemical Features Of Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Male-Sterile Lines Of Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill)

The utilization of the heterosis is one of the important ways to increase the production of soybean greatly. At present, tens of different cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines with stable male sterility have been developed in soybeans. Their maintainer lines and restorer lines also have been obtained, which make it possible to utilize soybean heterosis. Few studies have been done on the mechanism of the cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines so far. In this paper, studies on the performance and identification of the male sterility, cyto-morphological characteristics and cyto-chemical localization of the cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines NJCMS1A, NJCMS2A and NJCMS3A were carried out. The check was its maintainer line N2899, N1628 and N21249 respectively. The main results were as follows:1. The male sterility of NJCMS1A and NJCMS2A was confirmed high (the germination percentage of pollens was 0.00%) and quite stable. The results of the performance investigation of the male-sterile plants in mature period were in agreement with those of the investigation of anther dispersion and the investigation of the germination percentage of pollens. Therefore, all of the three methods could be used to distinguish the male-sterile plants from the male-fertile ones. Among the three, the identification of the male-sterile plants according to the anther dispersion was simple and easy to operate, and could be used to identify the male-sterile plants at the early stage of the growth of NJCMS1A and NJCMS2A plants in large production and hybridization.2. The cyto-morphological characteristics of NJCMS1A, NJCMS2A and NJCMS3A were as follows:The abortion of NJCMS1A occurred at the stages of the microspore mother cells (MMCs), tetrads, uninucleate microspores and binucleate pollens. But most abortion of NJCMS1A occurred mainly at the stage of the early binucleate pollens. The main abnormal phenomena arising during the development of the microspores and anthers were as follows: the MMCs degenerated, the nucleus of the tetrads got malformed, the tetrads degenerated, the nucleus of the uninucleate microspores appeared malformed, degenerated or collapsed,the cytoplasm of the uninucleate microspores got tenuous, shrunk or collapsed, the vegetative nucleus and generative cell of the binucleate pollens appeared malformed, degenerated or collapsed; the cytoplasm of the binucleate pollens got tenuous, shrunk or collapsed, the volume of the degraded pollens of NJCMS1A was smaller than that of the maintainer line N2899, and the texture of the NJCMS1A pollens was also different from that of N2899. Most of the anther tissues developed normally, a few anther tissues such as the tapetum did not develop normally. The connection between the microspore abortion and the anther tissue has not been known clearly and needs further studies.The abortion of NJCMS2A occurred at the stages of the microspore mother cells (MMCs), meiosis, tetrads, uninucleate microspores and binucleate pollens. But most abortion of NJCMS2A occurred mainly at the stage of the late uninucleate microspores. The main abnormal phenomena arising during the development of the microspores and anthers were as follows: the MMCs degenerated, lagged chromosomes and malformed spindle appeared in the microspore mother cells, the nucleus of tetrads got malformed and the tetrads degenerated, the nucleus of the uninucleate microspores got malformed or collapsed, the cytoplasm of the uninucleate microspores got tenuous and shrunk, the pellets with membrane appeared in the cytoplasm of the uninucleate microspores, the vegetative nucleus and generative cell of the binucleate pollens appeared malformed, degenerated or collapsed; the cytoplasm of the binucleate pollens got tenuous, shrunk or collapsed, the volume of the degraded pollens of NJCMS2A was smaller than that of the normal pollens of N1628, the texture of the degraded pollens of NJCMS2A was also different from that of the normal pollens of N1628. Most anther tissue of NJCMS2A developed normally. Only a few anther tissue of NJCMS2...