The Immunological Adjuvant Effects Of Ginsenosides On Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis Bacterin In Dairy Cow

This dissertation was designed to study the adjuvant effect of ginsensides using dairy catties as experiment animals,ovalbumin(OVA) and bovine Staphylococcus aureus bacterin as antigens. The study includes three parts:1 Determination of endotoxin in ginsenosides by TAL assay The concentrations of endotoxin in ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rbl were detected by Gel-clot assay. The results indicated that ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rbl did not interfere with amebocyte lysate assay and the concentration of endotoxin was less than 0.5EU/ml in the ginsenosides.2 Influence of ginsenosides on the humoral response in dairy cows Thirty-six Holstein cows were randomly divided into 6 groups. They were subcutaneously injected in the neck with saline solution,4mg ovalbumin(OVA),or 4mg OVAmixed with 3%A1(OH)3,4mg ginseng extract (GS,the main compenents were ginsenosides),16mg GS or 64mg GS. A booster injection was administered 2 weeks after the primary immunization. Blood and quarter milk samples were collected 6 days and 3 days before the primary injection and 1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks after the booster injection. An ELISA assay was used to quantify the anti-OVA antibody liters of blood sera and milk whey. The results showed that the anti-OVA levels in blood sera and milk whey from the cows injected with OVA and 4mg GS mixture were signficantly higher than from the cows injected with OVA only at most sampling occasions after booster injection. Of 18 cows injected with the mixture of OVA and ginseng extract,only one was detected to have slight swelling at the injection site which disappeared 2 days later. However,of 6 cows injected with the mixture OVA and A1(OH)3,5 cows were found to have hard-swelling at the injection sites which lasted as long as 14 days,antibody liter in milk is much less than in blood.3 Adjuvant effects of ginsenosides on Staphylococcus aureus bacterin in dairy heifersEighteen Holstein heifers were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were intramuscularly injected in the neck with 5ml 5. aureus bacterin,5ml S. aureus bacterin mixed with 4mg GS or Img ginsenoside Rbl. A booster injection was administered 2 weeks after the primary immunization. Blood samples were collected 6 days and 3 days before the primary injection and 1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks after the booster injection. Indirect ELISA assay was used to evaluate anti-staphylococca/ antibody titers in the sera. A BrdU-ELISA assay was used to quantify blood lymphocyte stimulation response. The results showed that GS and ginsenoside Rbl could induce higher anti-staphylococca/ antibody titers in sera and stronger lymphocyte stimulation response. Ginsenoside Rbl had stronger adjuvant effect than GS. Moreover 12 dairy heifers injected with ginsenoside Rbl or GS showed no side-effect at the injection sites. Thus,GS and Rbl was safe to use in dairy heifers.So ginseng extracts and ginsenoside Rbl had signicant adjuvant effects on humoral and cell-mediated response and were safe after the injection. The activity of ginsenoside Rbl was better than that of ginseng extract.