| Studies on Heterosis and Characters Heredity in Different Type of LuffaWenjun Xie(College of Horticulture,Shandong Agricultural University.Taian,China,271018) Recently, cultivation area of towel gourd has been increasing year by year. Production of towel gourd began relatively late and had few strains. This situation could not meet the need of production .The research selected different categories of towel gourd (including Luffa cylindrica Roem and Luffa acutangula Roxb) to cross and study performance of F1 generation, correlation among characters and hereditary law, covering studies on early maturity characters, character performance of different cultivars and heterosis analysis and so on. The aim was to find efficient way of towel gourd breeding and afford theoretical guide to towel gourd breeding. The main results of research was as follows.1 Analysis of coefficient of twelve characters between twelve var. showed that variance of twelve character performance of different cultivars was extremely significant. The number of the female flower, the node of the first flower, yield and area of leaf vary mostly greatly. The next was the height of plant, the fruit set rate, the rate of fruit growing, the average length of node, the number of leaf. The single fruit weight, the length of fruit, the diameter of fruit had least difference between these vars.12. Heterosis existed in F1 generation from different categories. Different hybrid combinations performed variedly. The number of dominant combination of the node of the first flower, numberof leaf, and height of plant was much more than that of the number of female flower, the single fruit weight, the length of fruit. The node of first flower, area of leaf, yield, height, the fruit set rate, number of leaf, the rate of fruit growing, number of female flower had great coefficient. Combinations with good performance among these characters were easily required. Yield and length of fruit among hybrid in Luffa cylindrical Roem had obvious heterosis. The yield of the hybrid between Luffa cylindrical Roem and Luffa acutangula Roxb drops dramatically and showed negative heterosis, whereas the height of plant, length of internode, number of leaf showed obvious heterosis and plants grew strong.2 Photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic rates were different during the different growing stages. Generally the content of photosynthetic pigments increased from seedling to period of vigorous fruitage among them the content of carotenoid was the greatest, the next was chlorophyll-a and the sum of chorophyll-a and chorophyll-b. Both had great predominance in hybrid 3x6 and 4x6,in agreement with production formation. Seeing from all combinations didn,t correlate significantly with yield performance, most probably not in conformation. The relationship between photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigments and yield varied during different development stage. High content of photosynthetic pigment, esp chlorophyll-a, the sum of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b led to high photosynthetic rate. Photosynthetic rate positively correlated with yield during seedling and vigorous stage.3 Through analysis of correlation of coefficient, path coefficient and principal component, the early maturity of towel gourd was studied. The results show that the fruit set rate and the rate of fruit growing are the most important characters. The next was the number of female flower. The numberof leaf and the single fruit weight had indirect influence on early yield. They affected the early maturity through the rate of fruit growing. The node of the first of flower was also a maturity character, which had extremely significantly positive correlation with the number of female flower. Through variance analysis and coefficient of variation between 12 characters showed that the number of female flower positively correlated largest with yield, reaching a extremely significant level. The single fruit weight, the rate of fruit growing reached significant level. The node of the fir...
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