| Water and soil are the source of life. Water and soil resources is the basic conditions for human survival and development, Water and soil resources is also an irreplaceable basic resources for the realization of China’s economic and social sustainable development. Land resources and ecological system are the basic life support system on the earth, the support capacity of which can not only depend on the update capability of available resources in the natural the system, but also affected by human activities and economic development in the intense. Currently, China’s land resources degradation and ecological environment deterioration trend has not been effectively controlled, which has become a serious obstacle to the sustainable development of social economy in china. The sustainable use of land resources is facing a huge threat to soil erosion. This study, set Bin County of Heilongjiang Province as an example, on the use of geographic information system and remote sensing technology to the Landsat remote sensing image as data source to 1990 and 2010 land use type map and soil erosion data, analyzed the county’s land use pattern and soil erosion relationship. The research use the available data by the method of quantitative analysis to analysis land use and the spatial distribution and the amount of soil erosion,and explore the relationship between land use and soil erosion. The Markov model was used to predict the future land use and soil erosion by taking 20 years as the step size. Through this study, we can have the situation well in hand of land use and soil erosion in this area, so as to grasp the characteristics of soil erosion and provide reliable basis for scientific decision-making.Study shows that the spatial distribution of land use did not change significantly over 20 years,from 1990 to 2010, at Bin county. But soil erosion is very serious because of human interference. In 2010, the area affected by erosion(slight or above level) is 2021.22 km2,rated 52.59%,among which, the erosion area of mid-level and above intensity is 596.74km2, rated 24.43%. This area has become the region of severe land degradation.In 1990, the area of soil erosion in cultivated land was 1819.02 km2, which accounted for 79.46% of the cropland.Compared with 1990, highest-level type has partly convert to slight-level erosion, which is mainly due to the local government’s protection measures. But the erosion of the forest area accounted for 95.96% of the total forest area, erosion and degradation in forset is quite serious.Markov model was used for the quantitative forecast of the future land use and soil erosionof the study region. The land use tendency after 2010 is that water and unused land increased year by year, the area of other land use continue to decrease. This change will last a long time until it reaches a relatively stable state,which means that the percentage of cropland,forest land,grassland, water area, residential land and unused land is 57.38%, 31.71%, 0.19%, 6.64%, 0.88%and3.20% respectively.Among which, the decline rate of cultivated land is higest. The trend of soil erosion in 2010 is that the degree of minimal level erosion has been reduced year by year,slight level, mid level and high level are increasing year by year, and its growth rate is relatively fast. Slight level, mid level and high level erosion accounted for 74.68% of total land area. Further more,only high level erosion accounted for 16.16% of the total land area. According to the forecast results,protective measures should be undertaken to check further soil erosion. |
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