Study On The Construction Of Core Collection Of Scutellaria Baicalensis And Screening Of Fine Germplasm

Scutellaria baicalensis, as the important medicinal plant, is the dried root of Scutellariae which is common Chinese herbal medicine. Scutellaria baicalensis has clear heat dry wet, purging fire detoxification, cool blood fetus etc. The leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis have various flavonoids ingredients such as Scutellarin. And it has been used as a local tea in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, etc. As Scutellaria baicalensis was the main medicine to heat dry wet, the annual demand was soaring. The wild resources was scarce, so cultivated Scutellariae had become the main source. Due to the strong growth suitability of Scutellaria baicalensis, there were plenty of cultivated planting bases in many provinces of our country. However, as a result of Sutellariae feral change what time is shorter, there is no good varieties breeding success, Scutellariae seeds have used to taking from the wild. he extensive acreage, germplasm was hybrid, which made great differences in the quality and appearance characters among the cultivated ones. Scutellariae had a negative effect on stability of medicine and influenced the therapeutic effect in clinical practice. Rich germplasm resources were the basis of Scutellariae varieties breeding. On the basis of widely collecting Scutellariae planted resources, further building core germplasm of Scutellariae and screening of excellent germplasm for cultivation production, which can effectively improve the yield and quality of Scutellaria Baicalensis and Scutellaria tea. However, related studies have not been reported, especially for the researchs of different germplasm quality of stems and leaves of Scutellaria Baicalensis were less. To prove that growth traits and active ingredients in the different parts of Scutellariae from different resources was different, this research shows that Scutellariae from different sources were different by measuring the appearance characters and the active ingredients in the roots, stems and leaves of Scutellariae from 57 provenances of the main producing areas. Due to a variety of general sampling scale and sampling methods, using the Euclidean distance based clustering method, the core collection of Scutellaria baicalensis were constructed eventually. Therefore, it could provide the theory basis to select the high quality and yield of Scutellaria baicalensis in the future. The main research results are as follows:(1)The study found that Scutellariae of Chengdeweichang (Hebei) is straight, and plant height was significantly higher than other provenance of Scutellariae, but its flourishing degree and the whole plant of plant was not too large. By comparing growth index of Scutellaria baicalensis from different sources, it was also found that aboveground parts of Scutellariae from Chengde damiaozhen(Hebei) grew better. Plant height and strain amplitude have reached a higher value. In addition, It also found that herbs root dry weight of Scutellaria Baicalensis from different provenances were very significant differences, among them the dry weight of Scutellaria baicalensis from Yangquan dengjiayu(Shanxi) was up to 40.47±27.74g. And it was significantly higher than other regions.(2) Before measuring the contents of active components of Scutellaria baicalensis from different sources, the distribution of active components was considered. The purpose was that choosing samples was scientific. Main roots whose length was 100 cm were divided into 5cm. The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A from different parts in main roots were measured. It was found that from reed head to the lower end of the morphology, these five components firstly increased and then decreased gradually. Not considering individual differences, in terms of the contents of the active ingredients, there were great differences among different subsections in the same plant. The study found that the contents of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A in the wizened Scutellariae are higher than the dried Scutellariae. On the contrary, the contents of baicalin and wogonoside were higher in the dried Scutellariae. By comparing the weight and quality of different parts in the roots comprehensively and considering the difference of sampling,25-35cm was thought as the reasonable sampling depth.(3) This article found that the baicalin content of Scutellariae from 57 provenances were higher than 9%, which were conform to the requirements of the 2015 edition of "pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China". Scutellariae with the maximum content of baicalin came from Yantaizhanggezhuang (Shandong) and its content was up to 20.98±1.27%. The maximum contents of baicalein and wogonin were in Scutellariae from Chengdexinglongxian (Hebei). And the maximum contents of wogonoside and Oroxylin A respectively appeared in Zhangjiakouchichengxian (Hebei) and Yangquandengjiayu (Shanxi). By analyzing, it was found that the contents of many active ingredients in the stems and leaves of Scutellariae were closely related to the growth index.(4) The contents of many active ingredients in the stems and leaves were extremely different (P<0.01). The contents of scutellaria and chrysin-7-O-glucoronide were generally higher, but the content of baicalin was relatively low. The stems and leaves of Scutellariae from Zhangjiakouchichengxian (Hebei) have abundant scutellaria whose content was up to 5.200±0.444%.The maximum content of chrysin-7-O-glucoronide was in Scutellariae of Hulunbeierewenkeqibaiyintala (Neimenggu), was up to 5.200±0.444%.(5) After calculating the coefficient of variation of the characteristic of Scutellaria baicalensis from different sources, it was found that the most coefficient of variation were 10%, as well as the rhizome diameter and the content of oroxylin A have reach more than 100%. Besides, there was significantly correlated within the multiple traits. With a variety of general sampling scale and sampling methods, using the Euclidean distance based clustering method, the core collection of Scutellaria baicalensis were constructed eventually. Meanwhile, the results could be analyzed and assessed through the parameters, including the mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage and coincidence rate of range, to attain the 43 samples, including the 24 samples from Hebei,6 samples from Neimenggu,5 samples from Shanxi,3 samples from Shanxi’,4 samples from Shandong,1 sample from Jilin.(6) According to the results about the yield and contents of active components which were analyzed by grey pattern recognition method, the high quality sources of Scutellaria baicalensis could be selected. For the quality, the highest relative correlation degree (0.527) lied in Yantaifushanqu (Shandong), later in Zhangjiakouchichengxian and Shijiazhuangjinjingxian (Hebei), which were regarded as the candidates for the fine sources. Considering both the quality and yield of Scutellaria baicalensis, the relative correlation degree (0.519) from the Shijiazhuangmengjiazhuang (Hebei) was the highest (the relative correlation degree exceed 0.500), later in Shijiazhuangjinjingxian (Hebei) and Yantaifushanqu (Shandong), which also could be taken into account of the better sources of Scutellaria baicalensis.The innovation of this paper is that is the first time to comprehensively analysis the diversity, such as characteristic, yield, quality and contents of active components in leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis of different sources, basing on corresponding the mark of the aboveground part to the underground part of Scutellaria baicalensis. Moreover, combining the some phenotypic characters with contents of active components in leaves and roots of the 171 samples, and comparing the total sample size and sampling methods, we could find the core collection of Scutellaria baicalensis and assess them through the multiple evaluation parameters. In this case, it can provide the theory basis to select the high quality and yield of Scutellaria baicalensis in the future.