Study On The Genetic Diversity Of Ou Li And Its Effect On Quality

Pruni Semen is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. It is the dried mature seed of Prunus humilis Bge, P. japonica Thunb or P. pedunculata Maxim. Prunus humilis Bge, one of the most important original bases of Pruni Semen, is developed as a fruit resource at present. After the consumption of fruit, the remaining seeds are used as Pruni Semen. Prunus humilis Bge. var. villosula Bge is also saled as a kind of fruit. The seed of Prunus humilis Bge. var. villosula Bge is also used as Pruni Semen since its similarity with the seed of Prunus humilis Bge. Moreover, grafting is commonly used in the cultivation of Prunus humilis Bge and Prunus humilis Bge. var. villosula Bge. Taken together, seeds from different sources may have remarkable difference in quality. To ensure the safety and efficacy of Pruni Semen, it is necessary to deeply study the evolutionary relationship, genetic relationship between and the quality of medicinal materials of Prunus humilis Bge, Prunus humilis Bge. var. villosula Bge and the grafting material.In the preliminary investigation, we divided the collected material into two groups using Beijing as a geography border, they have large differences in leaves morphology. There is also a transitional form in Beijing, whose morphological characteristics is in the middle of northern and southern China. Therefore, based on the study of leaf shapes, leaf micro structures, and molecular information from 31 different original materials, we tried to make classification to the materials from all over the country. Furthermore, we made medicinal quality assessment to different types of materials according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia. At the same time, since grafting has been wildly used in the culture of our materials, we also compared the differences between grafted and non-grafted medicinal material, only wish to lay a foundation for clinical safety of medication.The main results of this paper are as follows:1) There is transition type between Cerasus humilis and Cerasus dictyoneuraLeaf morphology results showed:The materials of our country can be divided into three types. First type:In Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan as well as some areas of Beijing, the aspect ratio is small, the leaf is obovate or elliptic, the number of bristle of leaf surface is extremely dense, we called it Dense Type. Second type:In Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Hebei as well as some areas of Beijing, the aspect ratio is bigger, the leaf is oblong or oblanceolate, the number of bristle of leaf surface is sparse, we called it Sparse Type. Third type:In some parts of Beijing as a transition zone, the aspect ratio, leaf, the number of bristle of leaf surface are between these two kinds, we called it Transition Type.Microscopic results showed:The thickness of the veins, vein width, vascular bundle diameter, vertical diameter vascular bundles and the epidermis showed descending transition among Dense Type, Transition Type and Sparse Type. Transition Type is intermediate form. The results and analysis results is in accordance with the leaves morphology.Molecular studies showed:The sequence analysis of matK, psbA-trnH, rbcL showed there is no variation between our collected materials. ITS sequence alignment analysis results showed:the length of 24 ITS sequence is range from 613-615 bp, produced a total of 34 variable sites, the formation of 20 kinds of haplotypes. Among them, Sparse Type and Dense Type existence shared haplotypes. With MEGA 5.0 do N-J clustering to obtained sequences. Cerasus humilis and Cerasus dictyoneura can not be separated. Based on the above findings, support to incorporate Cerasus humilis and Cerasus dictyoneura in one species, and divedes into dense type, sparse type and transitional type.2) Seeds of different types meet Chinese Pharmacopoeia requirements, but there aredifferences among different types. All of the experimental material in terms of medicinal properties are in line with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia description. Amygdalin of the material that from Labagoumen, Liaoning Jianping, Liaoning Zhangwu are slightly lower than Pharmacopoeia, other samples have met the pharmacopoeia requirements. Generally speaking, amygdalin content among Dense Type, Transition Type and Sparse Type are basically meet the Pharmacopoeia requirements, but there are some differences between the groups, there are significant differences between Dense Type and Sparse Type.3) Grafted and non-grafted varieties of seeds are in line with Pharmacopoeia materialrequirements, but there are differences between two types.Amygdalin content of grafted and non-grafted varieties of seeds material both met the Pharmacopoeia requirements. The results showed that there existed significant differences in Amygdalin content between grafted and non-grafted seeds materials. Grafting can significantly affect the medicinal ingredient content of the materials.