| Water is an important part of the natural environment. It is not only the basic resources for human survival and development, but also the strategic resources for economic development and social progress. Especially in densely populated urban areas, water quantity and quality is the foundation and premise of all social and economic activities.As the acceleration of the economic development and urbanization process, more and more water needed to provide the urban construction and people's daily life. In the same time, more waste water discharged. So the water distribution, water cycle and water environmental capacity have been changed. These effects often lead to three water issues which are water shortage, water pollution and frequent flooding in urban areas. All these restrict the city sustainable development and affect people's lives and health. Meanwhile, these water issues caused a series of ecological problems. Water problems have become one of the"bottlenecks", which will restrict China's economic development in a long term.Facing the serious situation, how to ease the contradiction between water supply and demand, how to maintain the water resources sustainable utilization, how to promote the coordinated development between social, economy, resources, environment have become one of the important research content of urban sustainable development. As a result, the theory and research of water resources carrying capacity came into being. People pay more attention about it. The research about water resources carrying capacity is not only the premise and foundation of water resources optimization allocation, but also the reference of policy. Therefore, the research has practical significance.Based on reviewing a large number of references and previous research, the research situation, problems and prospect of water resources carrying capacity has been introduced in this paper. Analyzing and summarizing the concept, features and research system of the carrying capacity of urban water, and the effect of the carrying capacity of urban water on the urban scale development. After achieving adequate understand and analyzing the natural conditions, hydro geological conditions, socio-economic situation and the development and utilization of water resources of Xianyang City, making the sustainable development as the guiding ideology, combining with the specific situation of Xianyang City, this paper calculated the maximal population based on the water resources carrying capacity in 2010, 2020, 2030 by the method of maximum supportable population. Xianyang City should take measures, such as increase the water conservation efforts, construct water supply projects, cross-basin water transfer and other measures to increase the city's water supply, in order to improve the water resources carrying capacity, so that the system of Community - Economy - Resources– Environment can develop harmonically and sustainably.The key part of this article is investigation of water resource carrying capacity and optimizing allocation. After studying further details of this investigation, calculation model and solving method, the conclusion is as follow: the water resources carrying capacity in Xianyang City is insufficient, the population is over load. So we should take measures to increase water supply base on the current supply capacity. In order to improve the water resources carrying capacity and make the social, economy, resources and environment develop harmonically and sustainably. These measures and approaches provide a basic reference for research of water resources carrying capacity in other areas which have the same water problem. |
