Study On The Garden Of Shanghai Detached-House In Modern Times (1840-1949)

Detached-house in Modern Shanghai is the product of specific historical condition, which has a special status and significance in the modern development history of Shanghai. This study is based on archives and field researches. Use graphs and charts to analyze and draw some development characteristics and laws after the statistics and classification of Shanghai detached-house in modern times. Focus on the size and the layout, landscape characteristics and technological changes of residential gardens; reveal their development levels, as well as the impact on Shanghai city and today.Residential form of Modern Shanghai had series of changes as the city experienced the evolution from the coastal town to an international metropolis: from the closed-end traditional courtyard during the initial closed-door policy period; later in the early years when foreigners came to Shanghai, the Shikumen appeared, a combination of Chinese-style building and Western-style layout; with the development of socio-economic and change of people's needs, a vast number of detached-house and high-rise apartment emerged. Shanghai Modern detached-house started in the mid-19th century, prevailing in 1920s to 30s, and coming to an end until the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War. With the concession continuously extended to the West, the distribution of detached-house also showed the development trend from east to west. The differences of cultural backgrounds, personal preferences of the owner and designer of detached-house, resulted in various house styles, which brought Shanghai the fame of "Architecture Expo". The garden scale of Shanghai Modern detached-house evolved from the tens of thousands square meters of early period to thousands of square meters in the late, which was a direct reflection of the urban development and the land scarcity. The early residential garden style was mainly traditional Chinese courtyard; lately the garden style developed towards the structured Western-style as foreign style introduced in and the residential area narrowed; what's more, the introduction of foreign new technologies, new materials also greatly enriched the traditional Chinese garden elements.Modern detached-house particularly changes people's way of life, while becoming part of the culture of Shanghai city. But there are still some limitations in its development. As a result of the collision of traditional and foreign culture, and the lack of a dominant ideology and the overall planning, the residential gardens show Chinese-Western style in individual while a single style and lack of personality on the whole. Therefore, we should learn from the experience of remedying and protecting these historical houses, in order to better promote the planning of future housing construction.