Historical Study On The Impacts Of The Olympic Games On Urban Planning Of The Host Cities

The Olympic Games provide the host cities with wonderful opportunities to showcase the glorious achievements.Therefore,laying the reasonable scheme of urban planning during the preparation period of the Olympic Games is of guidable significance for city' s general development and a good plan for avoiding risks brought by holding the Olympic Games. Historically speaking,cities themselves provide the platforms and backdrops for the Games,characterize each event with a specific identity and context,and at the same time the host cities are affected dramatically in a direct or indirect fashion by the Games.The modern Olympic Games imply a certain standard of hosting milieu,such that cities need to rearrange their urban fabric and built environment to win the bid as well as to safeguard the success of the Olympic events.This is bound to exert influences on urban spatial shape and puts forward a new task to urban planning.This dissertation,by means of such research methods as literatures, comparative analysis and logical analysis,explores the impacts of the Olympic Games on urban planning of the host cities and analyses the measurements of the host cities,aiming to present strategy selection to the future host cities.The main conclusions are as follows: 1.The revision of urban planning for the Olympic Games is not only the common instrument for the host cities to maximize the positive effects of the Olympic Games,but the IOC(International Olympic Committee)'s requirement for the sake of magnifying the influence of the Olympic Movement and ensuring the success of the Olympic events.2.From the birth of the Olympic Movement,the impacts of the Olympic Games on urban planning of the host cities have been changing continuously in terms of content,scale,form and complexity.This dissertation identifies four historical phases,including:embryonic stage of planning consciousness(1896～1904),forming stage of planning consciousness(1908～1928),developing stage of planning consciousness (1932～1956) and deepening stage of planning consciousness(since 1960).3.During initial stage of the Olympic Movement,Pierre de Coubertin's concept of creating a 'modern Olympia' which conceived a vision of Olympic settings,has been nourishing urban planning of the Olympic cities.Over the last century,urban planning in connection with the Olympic Games has experienced tremendous transformations,from the mono-stadium model to an Olympic quarter model;from planning concentrated on competition facilities to a broader scope of supportive construction;from physical planning to comprehensive planning related to economic and socio-cultural development.4.The planning consciousness of the Olympic cities has been deepening increasingly because of the following reasons:Firstly,scale enlargement of the Olympic construction brings opportunities and challenges to urban development;Secondly,IOC sets higher standard for natural environment and humanistic environment of the host cities; Thirdly,the evolution of urban planning thought promotes the transformation of tropism of urban planning of the Olympic cities.5.Future urban planning schemes of the Olympic cities should meet the needs of general urban development;the content of urban planning should encompass the Post-Olympic plan;the scale of urban planning should be extended to broader zones from single city;the process of urban planning should increase popular participation.