| Since the 80th of last century,the amount of the worldwide coal trading increasing year by year,the proportion of coal carrier in ocean transportation fleet simultaneously increased every year.As more and more vessel are engaged in coal transportation, many accidents of loss and damage to both vessel and cargo are occurred every year,the number of those accidents also raised annually.The main reason for those accident are caused by the following(but not limit to):lack of basic knowledge about the characteristic of coal;improper ship management while under way;no proper and effectively ventilation after loading;lack of the shore based support after the coal oxidation hearted and spontaneous combustion,so the master cannot make proper decision;cargo short loading and/or short landing due to error of draught survey; accidents caused by the crew/shore staff unfamiliar with the shore-vessel communication procedure;other accidents caused by crew unfamiliar with the loading/discharging procedure,etc.For improve the safety of the ocean coal transportation,ensure the safety for both vessel and cargoes,this paper based on the personal shipping practice investigated the characteristic of bulk coal shipment,analyzed the main course of coal spontaneous combustion wile at sea;summarized how to prevent coal spontaneous combustion and the proper procedure in deal with the coal spontaneous combustion if it actual happened; point out how the error were aroused during draught survey and how to avoid those error so as to guide vessel make proper draught survey,avoid any potential short landing when delivery cargo;based on more and more large size vessel(such as Panama vessel and cape size vessel )put into coal transportation,this paper also compile a simple and easy but very useful stowage excel-program in help vessel make the stowage plan,it will make full use Of the vessel carry ability and keep vessel in safe operation,it has been approved very effective and useful;based on the latest "Code of safe practice for solid bulk cargoes" and " Code of practice for the safe loading and unloading of bulk carriers " and "Code of manual on loading and unloading of solid bulk cargoes for terminal representatives " requirement,represent a useful systemic procedure in ensure vessel's safe operation during loading and discharging,implement those procedure would help vessel keep general strength and local strength,keep vessel safe operation. |
