Aesthetics Research Of Qingdao Architectures In Germany-occupied Period

Qingdao architectures have a special position constructed in the Germany-occupied period in Chinese architecture history of modern times. Germans occupied Qingdao in 1897 and began the city plan and construction on a large scale.Based on the domestic Germany, they made Qingdao a medium city with some stated popularity out of a little fishing village with the use of "Garden City" theory during 17 years they occupied in Qingdao. Many buildings with Germanic architecture style became one of the chief elements in Qingdao architecture: magnificence, elegance, liveliness and richness. This architecture style had a far and wide influence on the buildings in Japan-occupied period, Beiyang Government period and National Government. Its influence can be traced even from the buildings and architectures today.The thesis tries to make a study of Qingdao architecture in Germany-occupied period from the aesthetic perspective. It can be divided into five chapters:Chapter One is introduction, which states the significance of the thesis and the literature review is also presented. With he scope of space and time of the research target some architecture aesthetic theories are elaborated such as the definition of architecture aesthetic, its characteristics, contents and the relations with other art forms.Chapter Two aims to illustrate the historical background of architecture formation and development in Germany-occupied period. There are two groups of factors for Qingdao Germanic architecture formation: natural factors and humanistic factors. The natural factors refer to the special geography and climate advantages in Qingdao. As to humanism factors, on the one hand, Germanic invaders wanted to make Qingdao as one of its long-term colonies. On the other hand, it was on a threshold of new era in Germany in surge of thoughts in architecture, the thoughts of returning to the ancients and the movement to search for new architecture. Therefore the styles were various: Germanic Romanticism, Classicalism, Eclecticism and Jugendstil, etc. The architecture in Qingdao could reflect Germanic thoughts and characteristics to some extent, and was the epitome of city design and architecture scene in Germanic in modern times. Chapter Three discusses Germany urban design aesthetics, elaborates the Germany urban design aesthetics of Qingdao during the period of Germany occupation in Qingdao, including the first urban planning and the second one. One of the first town planning (1900) played a decisive role in the architectural style of the city, which basically formed the "Garden" style. The second town planning (1910) was born in the response for the urgent demand of the rapid urban development, which aims to expand and set the initial long and narrow North-South shape in the city. However, Japan defeated Germany and occupied Qingdao in 1914 before the completion of the plan.Chapter Four discusses the urban single architectural aesthetics, elaborates the single architectural form, space layout, colors, materials, and the image, which mainly concerns on the architectural form. For the facade of the construction's image, the start-stop transfer of the construction's image, and scale, proportion, the axis and contour of the construction, etc, are elaborated with the typical samples of the Germany government house and the official residence of the governor.The fifth part is the conclusion, which sums up the aesthetic value of the constructions built during the period of Germany occupation in Qingdao and submits that these historical and cultural heritages should be protected in order to make Qingdao, a new modern city, with great cohesion and cultural charm.