The Research And Design Of Dynamic Glucose Monitoring Device Based On ARM

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic endocrine disease, that is because the lack of insulin in human body or the abnormalities of the receptor. the main feature is that the blood is higher than normal people. It has become a worldwide epidemic diseases that against humanities'health of today's society .In our country, about 40 million people have the disease of diabetes, with the medical care level rise, the rate of the acute complications has decreased gradually, and with the extension of the average life in diabetics, the rate of the chronic complications has increased gradually. The current treatment is regulate the glucose metabolism of the human body, the important gist of clinical treatment for the patients is the blood glucose level, so track and assess control for diabetes by blood glucose instrument of self-monitoring is very important. Especially the self-monitoring blood glucose can be used to detect the results in the hospital and even at home. physicians and patients can adjust treatment programs and life routines by blood glucose instrument of self-monitoring. Strict control to blood sugar is an important means to reduce and delay the development and occurrence that evoked by chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The common products about blood glucose instrument of self-monitoring in the market all exist some problems like the accuracy, stability and convenience in their measurement respectively. Due to above reasons, limiting the clinical application and spread of theses blood glucose instrument of self-monitoring. At present, the majority of the dynamic blood sugar testing or monitoring equipment that we always have are based on the PC platforms, the size are often unwieldy, which is very expensive and not easy to carry. In order to achieve family and community health purposes, we need a dynamic blood glucose instrument of self-monitoring that can display the blood sugar waveform real-time and clearly, small and portable. It always can analyzing and process the blood sugar parameters.The hardware of dynamic blood glucose monitoring system is based on the LPC2103ARM processor, the LPC2103ARM processor is the control core of this device. The software of this device is make the uClinux operating system as the platform. The portable equipment can detect the tissue fluid glucose continuous. It is the combination of biological sensors and microelectronics technology. Integrate a variety of design concepts and full considerate the actual needs of the health care workers and patients, we have designed a subcutaneous intervention micro-medical equipment that painless (or basically painless). Without assistance of devices can intervene directly into the skin. Dynamic blood glucose monitoring system integrate keyboard input modules, liquid crystal display modules, data storage module, the clock module, serial communication module, programming module, simulation modules and power management modules, to complete the importation of physiological parameters, signal processing of dynamic blood sugar, display of dynamic glucose wave signal , data communication of dynamic blood glucose wave, data acquisition, in the final,make the data uploaded to the data analysis software of PC. The data analysis software can make the data of patients into visual images of continuous glucose concentration, can also observe the impact that various events on the glucose of patients'body. We can find out the blood glucose values of patients conveniently, it's no problems to control dynamic changes of blood glucose at any time. Not only playing a instructional role in the design and adjustment the treatment of diabetes ,but also shorten the intensive treatment of diabetes by insulin treatment, it can reduce and delay the occurrence of complications, developing and improving the quality of life of patients and their compliance to treatment.For this system dynamic signal acquisition is a controlled blood sugar collection, we launched start-up key to start signal acquisition, LPC2103 contains a 10 bit, eight successive approximation type ADC, among this 8 channels, select channel 0 as a data acquisition channel (channel 1 as other circumstances), to read out the collected data and preserve them to E 2PROM, and at the same time preserve the time to E 2PROM too , after start channel 0, preserve data every one minute, until press the start button once again to stop Data Storage. Then switch to channel 1 automatically into the other modes. As the patients need to carrying the dynamic continuous glucose monitoring system for 72 hours, recording the real-time blood glucose data of the patients like before and after meal, exercise, sleep and work, the data we need to store is larger than before, so the system expand a E 2PROM through I 2C to store data of blood glucose, in order to improve FLASH memory chip shortage of LPC2103. The system employs CAT24WC32-bit serial E 2PROM, data transmission can reach 4096 k. The system uses Nokia 6100 LCD, the main parameters of the display: 132 * 132 pixels, 12-bit color display (4-bit red, 4-bit green, 4-bit blue); 3.3 volts; 9-bit SPI serial interface (clock or data signals). The most important point to use this display is to identify graphics controller, we use the Epson S1D15G00 chips, the display controller we used is the Philips 8833. Display Module mainly divided into two parts, initialization interface and the working interface. In initialization interface, including the Olympic Games emblem, Meter and the display of the battery, the working interface include the data of blood glucose, blood glucose value waveform, storage volume, time display. White background gives people a clear certainty. When patients turn on the instrument, the LCD screen will automatically display the Olympic Games emblem, that is the five ring, after nine seconds, the screen will display that "concern about the Olympic Games, concern about health. Welcome to use the dynamic blood glucose monitoring device." nine seconds once more, it will turn into the main interface, that is working interface. At the same time, channel 1 is been selected, and A / D convert was started too. The keyboard of this system use AD scan, AD voltage value is from power supply voltage, and separating the power supply voltage to determine the keyboard scan consequently. The keyboard include two teams mainly and seven keys totally, they are start / stop keys and combination keys respectively. The start button BP9 is to control the initiation of this system and conversion of A / D. The combination Keys used to adjust the various options, including setting key- BP8, storage key- BP6, backspace key- BP5, progress key- BP3, up and down keys BP7 and BP4. The A / D conversion is been started first when keyboard scan start to work, ADCR is the control registers of A / D, before the A / D start to converter, ADCR register must be written to select the mode of operation. ADGDR is the global data register of A / D, the register contains the DONE bit of ADC and the current A / D conversion results. After that we can Read the values of A / D conversion. At this time, judge that whether the setting button is pressed, and if the settings button is pressed, we will enter the setting interface to set time. For the time setting, when the left key-BP5 is pressed, the cursor will be on the left for one bit, on the contrary when the right key-BP3 is pressed, the cursor will be shifted to right for one bit. Through this means to select the setting for year, month, day and time. In this location of the flashing cursor, we can change the date and time by upper and lower keys. After the job above, we can storage the time that we have intercalated just now into register of the real-time clock by pressing the key of BP6, and at the same time return to the main interface. The real-time clock involved (RTC) providing a counter to measure the time when we shut on or shut down the system. The power consumption of RTC is very low in power-down mode. The RTC clock of LPC2103 can be provided by independent 32.768 kHz oscillator or programmable pre-cymometer that based on the APB. In order to process the dynamic blood sugar wave signal that collected further more, we need transmit the dynamic blood sugar wave data from monitor to the computer. A serial port is the only port of this system as serial communication, it plays a very important role. We will record dynamic blood glucose values of 72 hours and upload these values onto a PC through serial port, the expert system on the PC will make further analysis to the development of the disease.After completing the development of the prototype, we test the performance of this apparatus by experiment . The test results meet the design requirements. The characteristics of this system meet the design requirements too, such as that it operate very stable, real-time, secure, reliable, well versatile and have low power consumption, small size, operation is very simple, easy to observe, easy to carry, in line with the current guideline that from the simple treatment of the disease shift to based prevention and health promotion gradually. It plays an important role in early diagnosis of diabetes and retardation of the occurrence of complications.