Research Of The Exploition And Utlization Of Water Resources In Modern History Of Northeast China

The Northeast had been the objective of many western powers for the abundant natural resources of the area in modern history of China. The exploition and use of natural resources are affected by the changes of history. In the Northeast, the exploition and use of lands, forests, minerals, and rivers were closely linked to the political situations. The water resources are essential to the living and development of the human, consequently how to use and preserve water resources is of great importance, affecting the development and progress of our society. In the Northeast, the government did not realize the improtance of the water conservancy earlier and payed little attention to the facilities of water conservancy. The authority had made some progress in the esploiting and using of the water resources, however , the development of the water conservancy was not fast, affected by the political situations of this area. The slow development of the water conservation was closely associated with the slow development of the Northeast. In the Northeast, there are many big rivers and the rivers are of great value for the industry, the irrigation, the electricity, and the shipping . The number of the rivers is different in various areas. There are more rivers in the eastern and nothern parts than in the western and southern parts. The Songhuajiang river is prior to the Liaohe river, as the water resources as concerned. Therefore, the reasonable exploition and use of the limited water resources and the sustainable development of the water resources is vital to the vigorous development of the Northeast . At present the lack of the water resources is a big problem for people who work in the Northeast. I analyze the exploition and use of the water resources in the northeast from the perspective of morden history and want to give some advices on the water conservation in our time.In the first part of this article, I introduce conditions of the geography and the distribution of the water resources in the Northeast. I introduce the main river systems and the lakes------the Heilongjiang River system and its two bigbranches, the Songhuajiang River, the Wusulijiang River system, the Yalujiang River system, the Tumenjiang River system, the Suifenhe River system, the Liaohe River system, the Dlinghe River system. I list their's main branches and introduce the main lakes that could be esploited, as well as the conditions of the southern areas near the Huanghai Ocean and the Bohai Ocean, in order to get a overall understanding of the Northeast's water resources. In the second part,I describe the influences of the water resources on the agricultural irrigation influence, especially on the paddy fields. First, I introduce briefly the water conservation organizations, the management and the conservation laws. Then I make researches on the gravity irrigation, the inpoundment irrigation, and the pumping irrigation by province. In the the third part, I describe the influences of the water resources on electricity. People had used water to produce electricity and didn't depend on heating largely. The electricity produced from waters was of great importance to the industry and the agricultural in the Northeast. In the fourth part, I describe the influences of water resources on the water supply in the cities. It was not until in the years around 1900 that the facilities of the water supply and been constructed and these facilities were of great value to the lives of the urbans. People got a lot of benefits from the water supply and got rid of the disadvantages of the dirty waters. The facilities were also a symbol of the modernization. In the fifth part, I describe the influences of water resources on the traffic, first I give a summary of the up and down of the shippings in the fields of the inland rivers, and I also introduce the main ports in the Northeast and the value of the tradings in the sea. The advantagas of water resources are of great value to the use and development of other resources in the Northeast. In the sixth part, I describe the conditions of the products of both the salty waters and the fresh waters. There were many products in the waters in the Northeast, and people had made some progresses in the exploitment and the use of these products. However, people could had made more progresses. At last, I point out the importance of the use and development of water resources in the Northeast and hope people to get learnings from the article.In the article, I give an overview of the development and use of water resources in the Northeast and analyze both the advantages and disadvantages of the means of the exploiment. I also describe the influences of the water resources on the societies, and hope to learn something for the good of our modern society.In order to make proper researches, I have read many books, especially the local and provincial chronicles of the Northeast and make some analysis. I also read some geography books . In view of the fact of the long time interval history and the spatial spanarea, I have difficulties in getting enough details. I have made some progresses on the subject, but I will make further supplement research.