| Hydroelectric development has a great effect on regional ecosystem, which may influence stream flow, river sediment, water table, biota habitat and stability of reservoir and riverside. Also, it may cause earthquake, soil salinization, water quality deterioration, climate change, temperature stratification of reservoir. Therefore, environmental protection is of great importance during the process of hydroelectric development. Unreasonable planning for hydroelectric development will directly destroy ecosystem health to a great extent.On the basis of the theory of sustainable development, environmental hydrology, ecology, environmental economy and systems engineering, the indictor system and assessment method for the effect of hydroelectric development on ecosystem were put forward, and then those effects of different planning programs for hydroelectric development on regional ecosystem health were analyzed. Those analysis results will provide the useful reference for the solution to reduce the bad effect of hydroelectric development on ecosystem health. Furthermore, as a case study, the effects of a project of hydroelectric development on ecosystem health in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River were studied. The main results are as fellows:(1) From the review of planning program for hydroelectric development and the analysis for the effect of hydroelectric development on ecosystem health, it was found that there was no effective indictors and systematic methods for assessing the effect of hydroelectric development on ecosystem health.(2) Based on the analysis of the effect of hydroelectric development on ecosystem health, an indictor system for assessing the ecosystem effects of the planning program of hydroelectric development was put forward. According to aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem, 24 indictors were considered, which include 9 factors such as river morphology, water quality, water temperature, land use structure, vegetation, ecosystem integrity, soil erosion and wild life. At the same time, the methods for estimating those indicators were derived.(3) According to system methodology, AHP -based grey relational analysis model and assessment methods were put forward. Also, using the method of weighting association, the uncertainty of each indicator for the planning program of hydroelectric development was analyzed. Finally, considering the ecosystem effects, the optimal program for hydroelectric development was proposed.(4) Using above suggested indicator system, the effects of different planning programs for hydroelectric development on ecosystem health in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River were analyzed. The results show that the ecosystem effect of series of power stations program is minimal, this program is much better than any others. However, it was found that there was still existing some environmental problems during the development process of the series of power stations program, and then the feasible measures to solve the problems were proposed. |
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