| Maximum load of single-layer simplex wave Ω-shaped and U-shaped bellows without strengthening rings under the internal pressure, axial force and axial displacement are analyzed. Load bearing capacity and displacement compensation capacity of the both based on DESIGN BY ANALYSIS are compared. Maximum load of single-layer simplex wave Ω-shaped bellows with strengthening rings and without strengthening rings under the internal pressure, axial force and axial displacement are analyzed. Load bearing capacity and displacement compensation capacity of the both based on DESIGN BY ANALYSIS are compared. Limit load of multi-layer Ω-shaped bellows with strengthening rings under the internal pressure is studied, and it is compared with the result of design by formulas. Heat exchanger models are created both by BEAM, SHELL element and SOLID element, their results are compared with experimentally measured value. Fixed tube-sheet exchanger with bellows and without bellows are both simulated, the results are compared. The following conclusions are obtained:1. Under the internal pressure, maximum stress intensity of single-layer simplex wave Ω-shaped and U-shaped bellows without strengthening rings are both located at the joint of rounding and straight section. But the strength controlling factor of the former is P_m + P_b in middle part of bellows, the later is P_m in top part of bellows. Internal pressure bearing capacity of Ω-shaped bellows is a little grater than U-shaped... |
