| The vector sensor is a new type underwater acoustic sensor. It has many virtues, such as small bulk, high sensitivity and direction of dipole source. And it is a new method of estimating the bearings of the target with the vector sensor. In this paper, we study the performance of localization with this method by simulation and experiment. The vector hydrophone is combined by traditional and omnidirectional pressure hydrophone and independent on frequency band and natural dipole particle velocity hydrophone, which co-locating and simultaneously measures pressure and particle velocity, so acoustic intensity vector is obtained using those information, which consists of intensity and direction of sources.In the thesis, the physical signification of acoustic intensity (acoustic energy flux) is expatiated in the vector hydrophone technology using concept of complex acoustic intensity. Correlations between pressure and particle velocity is derived.In this paper, we present the vectorial characteristic of acoustic field. The acoustic field is both scalar field and vectorial field. Moreover, we also presented the vector sensor briefly; we discuss the theory and method that is used to estimate the direction of the target with the vector sensor. At the same time, we analyze theengendering about the error of the localization, the primary factors are the relative position between the target and the source, the disturb of noises and the differ of the pressure sensor; we adopt several techniques to simulate the estimation of the direction, such as the direct, the average acoustic intensity andthe correlative analyze. And we consider four situations--known signal target,noisy signal target, multi-target and motorial target. At length, we compare the simulated results from several techniques. Finally, we present the processing results with the experimental data, which was attained by the experiment of the Songhua Lake. The result bears the theory that this paper has lodged.
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