Study On Landscape Evaluation And Constructing Countermeasures Of Wetland Plants Of Different Parks In Harbin

Harbin is a natural wetland area, rich of resources. At present, the wetland tourism, the development and utilization of wetlands botanical garden became the content of our government's key construction. Meanwhile, the park also pays attention to the use of natural wetland habitat and its construction artificially which reflect concept of wetland. Based on the studies of different landscape plants in typical wetland parks of Harbin, this might have important significance to ensure the orderly and sustainable development, to provide scientific basis for the construction of wetland park, if we can probe the resources scientific and reasonable into the construction of wetland landscape in Harbin.This case study chooses three representative samples of wetland landscape:the Sun Island wetland landscape, which retain wetland plant communities and is accompanied by the artificial facilities; the Yuyang park wetland landscape, a special wetland garden which has certain natural characteristic properties and configure the wetland plants with water features manually in no area of wetland habitat in the form of off-site migrations of different natural wetland plants. Through a psychological questionnaire for different parks to explore the cognitive feelings of the public for wetland plants landscape, combined with the SBE, a landscape evaluation method, to evaluate the wetland landscape. Suggestions should be made, aimed to solve the existing problems in construction measures:1. Three different comprehensive analysis of these parks show that the preference of the public towards the Sun Island wetland natural vegetation> the artificial facilities of the Yuyang park wetland landscape> the artificial formation on wetland vegetation migration natural of botanical garden's wetland plant landscape. The preference degree of the public towards the Sun Island wetland landscape is higher than botanical garden wetland and the Yuyang Park of 7% and 5% respectively. The natural wetland vegetation combined with corresponding wetland facilities is currently the most recognized landscape forms. The Sun Island natural wetland uses this form so that visitors can enter into wetland in a close contact. As a result, the public recognition reaches 68%, which is also the highest landscape evaluation. The results of the SBE landscape evaluation method are:the Sun Island wetland park (8.23)> the Yuyang Park(8.16)> botanical garden(7.87).2. The Yuyang Park, who associates the plaque-type planting with decorative beauty features, has a public recognition of 63%--- slightly lower that the Sun Island wetland park. The main plants which build the landscape are Nelumbo nucifera,Typha angustata,Scirpus tabernaemontani,Lythrum salicaria,Phragmites communis, etc; Submersed plants have Nymphaea tetragona,Nymphoides peltata, ect,10 genera belonging to 8 families. This kind of construction reflects the plaque-type planting of aquatic plants, boarded with flowers.3. the different vegetation migration communities of wetland plants in the Forest Botanical Garden of Heilongjiang involves 34 kinds of plant-species compositions, which belongs to 19 families,31 genera. Its dominant family for Cyperaceae 3 of 4; Poaceae 4 of 4; 1 genus Typhaceae of two. This form of plant composition and characteristic reflects the feral beauty of wetland vegetation. Species composition as Phragmites australis—Typha—Carex a community mode, and the Phragmites australis is mainly distributed in the pond, and associated with the Glyceria trriflora along the water, including Typha class Typha latifolia L.and Typha angustifolia L.two kind of grass, its Cyperaceae is distributed in all the areas of the waters, also become one of the dominant species.4. According to the researches on these three park case studies, we put forward a suggestion to construct the wetland in Harbin's parks. In a natural wetland habitats, the construction of the wetland plant communities should keep its existing wetland vegetation as far as possible. Considering the aesthetic demand, they are matched with artificial facilities which make visitors keep a close contact with wetland plants. And as for those no natural wetland habitat parks, their constructions choose the artificial configuration. Anther reasonable choice of constructing wetland landscape should be with local characteristics of wetland plants reed Phragmites australis—Typha—Carex, combined with high quality reed, appreciation of Phragmites communis,Typha angustata,Nymphaea tetragona,Scirpus tabernaemontani embody the natural and artificial combinations to form an artificial wetland plant landscape.5. In order to satisfy more public preference, on the construction of Harbin park of wetland, we can choose artificial and natural configuration to construct a combination of wetland plant communities. Namely, the area of wetland habitat in wetland plants, we should keep its existing in the original wetland plant landscape, wet plants through artificial configuration in the place where the landscape goes bad and consider the blooming period and season feature. These can make plant landscape look more abundant. With combining the processing of revetment, we add the plant level in coastal to enrich the landscape, and select the landscape with natural woodiness who gives priority to the facilities, in order to cooperate with characteristics of landscape plant, to achieve the effect of building.