The Xiaoqing River's Flood And Irrigation Works In Shandong During Qing Dynasty

Xiaoqing River is an important river in Shandong, it is the only one multi-channel in flood discharge, draining waterlogging, irrigation, navigation and other effects in 800 years.it as well as the only one river that can implement river and sea combine transport, it play a significant part in both defense and shipping. Xiaoqing river across the northern Shandong plain area, north is faced with the Yellow River, south is the foot of Tai-Lu-Yi Mountains, Jinan City in the west. flowing through Zhangqiu, Zouping, Gaoqing, Boxing, Huantai, Guangrao, until the Yangjiaogou in Shouguang County into the Bohai Bay. The majority of Xiaoqing River tributaries along the south bank of the river are injected, shaping the formation of asymmetric plume water system..In generally, Xiaoqing River was excavated by WeiQi LiuYu (1130-1137), but Xiaoqing River in northern Shandong plain has intermittent appeared erenow,In the first place author compiled four kinds of views about relations between Xiaoqing River and Ji Rviver. on this basis, settled the problem about river change from Ji River to Xiaoqing River,at the same times to study the flux of the Xiaoqing River after the river's history. There are inseparably relation between watercourse change and flood, through an analysis of watercourse change to find historical factors about resons for flood. The study found that the effect of Yellow River, water shortage, an increase in the tributaries as well as the northern Shandong plain development, all suffering from the river.Xiaoqing River flood is frequent in the Qing Dynasty, simultaneously the government as well as the place outstanding person carry on remedying the rivers, but the effect is not obvious, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, Sheng Xuanhuai repaired the river just established today Xiaoqing River's situation. This article take the Boxing County local chronicle in flood's record as the basis, analyzed Xiaoqing River flood's time distribution in the Qing Dynasty, take the magistrate to Xiaoqing River's exploration report in Kangxi and Qianlong year as the basis, analyzed river flood's spatial distribution. In the space and time distribution rule's foundation, summarized factors that caused river disaster in Qing Dynasty, on the basis of historical factors obtained in the first part simultaneously, discovered that except the change of water environment and the basin land development, the climatic change as well as the social politics factor's influence was noticeable.This article analysing six river dredging projects'planes, take the measure as well as the result aspects during the Qing Dynasty through the record of the inscription on stones and metals and the literator's note. summarized river dredging projects success's or failure's lesson. the Xiaoqing River flood's improvement is an item of entire basin project, concentrateing in some sections of river will not receive the lasting effect, but in Xianfeng period Yellow River change it's course, there is a piece of long and narrow plain between Yellow River and Xiaoqing River, It could not neglect the effect about Yellow River. moreover, lacked an uniform river administration organization, also restricting the rivers comprehensive dredging programRiver often is "the double-edged sword", studing river flood at the same time should also see Xiaoqing River's own value. Ming Dynasty as well as end of the Qing, when Xiaoqing River smooth and steady, it not only displaying the river navigation as well as the river and sea combined transport's function as the salty canal, at the same time promoted coast small town starting, moreover due to the rich water resources, the rivers coast become important paddy rice production area in Shandong Province. Therefore, only effective suppressed the river's trouble to be able to display the rivers function.Finally, Through this article analysis, author elaborated own opinion about the dispute question in the present Xiaoqing River's dredging project. To the question of supplementing water source, author thought that it needs to discuss using the Yellow River water replenishing Xiaoqing River upper reaches, but should consider that supplies using Wenshui, dealing with the flood aspect, author thought that only solve the temporary problem through establishment detention basin, but it is feasible and effective that builds or dredges two flood discharge river in the main current both banks. Moreover, conserve region water and soil maintenance as well as establishes a unified administrative machinery management river course to be also worth considering.