| Currently many countries in the world are suffering from a shortage of fresh water. Two ways to resolve this crisis are seawater desalination and sewage purification. Electrosorption, also called as capacitive deionization (CDI), is one of energy-saving and environmentally friendly techno logyes, which operates by adsorbing ions in the double layer formed at the electrode surface by applying a low direct current (DC) potential (normally less than 2 V) and exhibits several advantages, such as high capacity, no secondary waste and good reversibility which render the electrosorption process attractive. However, the key component of electrosorption is the electrode material, requiring high surface area, low electrical resistance, good polarizability and no participation in faradic reactions at the applied voltage. In this thesis, we focus on electrode materials, especially composite materials and the contents are listed as follows:(1)We prepared three composite electrodes, including carbon nanotube-carbon nanofiber (CNT-CNF), activated carbon fibers/carbon nanofibers (ACFs/CNFs) and carbon nanotube-chitosan (CNT-CS);(2)The surface morphology and structure of these composite electrodes were characterized and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed;(3)We selected sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as the seawater desalination simulation solution and cupric chloride (CuCl2) solution as the simulation of heavy metal pollution solution, and then investigated electrosorption performance of the composite electrodes. From the kinetic and thermodynamic comparison of these composite electrodes, they exhibited high advantages for NaCl or CuCl2 electrosorption.
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