Research On The Preparation And Application Of Bio-carbon Nanofibers Based On Electrospinning Technology

The electrode content determines the performance and cost of a supercapacitor.As a result,it’s critical to search out and investigate high-performance,low-cost electrode materials.Biomass carbon materials,for example,have the properties of reproducibility,a broad form of sources,low cost,a broad specific surface area,and reliable performance,making them suitable for use as the electrode material in an ideal supercapacitor.At the same time,they can increase the high-value use of biomass materials while reducing emissions.As a result,the production and usage of biomass carbon as a supercapacitor has tangible value.As a result,biomass-based mangosteen peels are used as a carbon source,and carbon-based electrode materials of various dimensions are prepared using different preparation methods,thus monitoring the synthesis process parameters.Furthermore,using the materials’synergistic effect,the carbon-based biomass material is compounded with the same low-cost,and composite electrode materials with excellent performance are prepared.During the preparation of various materials,the preparation conditions were optimized,the mechanism of action was first discussed,and the electrochemical efficiency of electrode materials was routinely investigated.The following are the key points and conclusions:1.The activated carbon prepared with electrochemical properties is essential in applying energy storage materials.Herein,a new method was reported to produce Mangosteen peels activated carbons（MPACs）.This strategy is founded on the thermal aging of mangosteen peels with hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）under hydrothermal conditions,complied by activation of KOH solid-state and carbonization under 800 ^oC for 1 h.Various techniques such as the transmission electron microscope,field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were expended to affirm the successful preparation of MPACs.The findings indicated that well-structured micro/mesoporous structures make the prepared MPACs with well-defined amorphous shapes.After optimizing KOH as an activator with a different mass ratio,we found that the prepared MPAC-1（1:1 mass ratio）holds an excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 274.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g and a maximum capacitance retention rate of 94.5%after 10000 cycles.More importantly,the symmetric device displays a high specific capacitance of 44.6 F/g at 1 A/g in 6 M KOH aqueous solution and demonstrated high specific energy of 12.14 Wh/kg specific power of 349.6 W/kg.The high electrochemical efficiency of MPACs was attributed to their large surface area（1078.92 m²/g）,which shortens the ion diffusion paths and rapid migration of electrons.Our experimental results prove that due to this newly introduced method’s simplicity and cost-effectiveness,MPACs have promising future applications in green energy production.2.Carbonization of an electrospun polyacrylonitrile（PAN）/mangosteen peels activated carbon（MPAC-1）composite resulted in the hierarchical porous carbon nanofiber mats which were namely as bio-carbon nanofibers（BCNFs）and applied as supercapacitor electrode materials.Scanning electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,powder X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller research have defined the surface morphology and pore function of the porous carbon nanofiber mats.The electrochemical properties of porous carbon nanofiber tangles as electrode materials for supercapacitors were investigated using the cyclic voltammetry method.Results have shown a strong capacitance efficiency of the carbon nanofiber porous mats.At current density of 0.5 A/g,the specific capacitance of the carbon nanofiber porous mats prepared at PAN/MPAC-1=9:1（BCNF-1）was 354 F/g;the symmetric supercapacitor displayed high specific energy of 14.37Wh/kg and specific strength of 349.5 W/kg at a current density of 1 A/g.After 10.000charge/discharge cycles,the prepared porous bio-carbon nanofiber mats showed strong cycle stability of 95.4%.The carbon nanofiber porous mats would then be fantabulous for supercapacitor electrode materials use.3.Supercapacitors are high power density energy storage systems with a fast charge/discharge rate and excellent cycle stability.Herein,a novel method was reported to produce liquefied bio-carbon nanofibers（L-BCNF-x）.This technique is founded on the heating of combined mangosteen peels with monohydroxybenzene（C₆H₆O）in an oil bath,followed by electrospinning and carbonization under 700 ^oC for 1 h.Several methods were applied to affirm the successful preparation of L-BCNF-x,such as the transmission electron microscope,field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The findings showed that well-structured micro/mesoporous structures make the prepared L-BCNF-x with well-defined amorphous shapes.After the mingling of liquefied bio-carbon（LC）and PAN at the different mass ratio,we found that the prepared L-BCNF-4（6:4 mass ratio）holds an excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors with a specific capacitance of 365.5F/g at 0.5 A/g and a maximum capacitance retention rate of 97.7%after 10.000 cycles.More significantly,the symmetric device presents a high specific capacitance of 66.4 F/g at 1 A/g in 6M KOH aqueous solution and demonstrated highest specific energy of 18 Wh/kg at a specific power of 348.9 W/kg.The electrochemical efficiency of L-BCNF-4 was assigned to its large surface area（508.73 m²/g）,which shortens the ion diffusion paths and rapid migration of electrons.Our experimental ensues prove that due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness through the less use of PAN of this newly introduced method,L-BCNF-x has promising future application in green energy production.