Study On Coastal Wetland Biodiversity Impact Assessment

Coastal wetland is an ecotone with abundant biodiversity, located in a transitional belt between land and marine system. However, with social economy growing rapidly, intense human activities in coastal area having affected habitat continually, accompanied by loss of natural biological and biodiversity was threatened greatly. Therefore, it's meaningful practically for promoting sustainable biodiversity to study the method of coastal wetland biodiversity impact assessment that can reveal its state and pressure, which can support the scientific grounds for decision making of biodiversity conservation and management.Based on the summaries of related researches on biodiversity assessment, combining with the characteristics of coastal wetland ecological environment, the impact factors of biodiversity were identified, the method of coastal wetland biodiversity impact assessment was put forward, and finally the method was applied to QuanZhou Bay.The main contents and results are as follows:(1) Assessing indicators for biodiversity status were selected in teims of ecosystem integrity, species diversity and indicator species, and the method for assessing biodiversity status was put forward by using comparative method with historical data.(2) Biodiversity impact factors were identified by the network and matrix techniques, and the main biodiversity impact were summarized in terms of habitat physical damage, coastal pollution, fishing and invasive species.(3) Based on the coastal wetland habitat quality index (HQI), the methodological framework of biodiversity impact assessment was estabilished. Habitat quality indicators were selected in terms of Physical, chemical, and biological environment.(4) The methodological framework was applied in QuanZhou Bay, Fujian Province. The results show that habitat quality index was 0.860,0.742, and 0.569 in 1989,2002,2008 respectively. It was decreasing significantly with time. The habitat quality was deterioration gradually, while the marine biology had increasing influence, and the reduction trend of biodiversity was to be reflected.