| Chaohu Lake, as for the water-rich, favorable climate, it has been known as the "the land of plenty in the middle of Anhui". It has maken a huge effect to social and economic development in flood control, irrigation, navigation, urban water supply and other aspect. However, from the 20th century 70's, the rapid population growth within the watershed and the excessive consumption of resources led to the deterioration of lake water quality, pollution increase, and it has been gradually evolving into a eutrophic lake.From a population perspective, Chaohu Lake basin is not only more than a moderate population size of the population, but more than the population capacity of the economy and resources, which brings pressure to the basin's economic and social development. From the quality of the population perspective, the coastal residents are of low level of education and scientific and cultural quality, and their environmental consciousness is not strong. The pollution of the traditional mode of production on the environment is very serious. From the view of population structure, population structure of Chaohu Lake Basin obviously has irrational phenomenon:The first industrial working population above the national average, accumulate a large number of agricultural population on the land, coupled with pesticide, fertilizer use, faces a huge burden on the environment of Chaohu Lake; the proportion of secondary industry growing population, increased emissions of industrial waste water exacerbated by pollution. From migration and mobility of view, On the one hand, moving into the city's population as production and living needs of large quantities of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage directly discharged without treatment, a tremendous impact on the environment; on the other hand, left the rural population are women, children and other vulnerable groups, environmental consciousness, living in scattered lack of management, production and lifestyle behind, the pressure on the big water environment. Urbanization from the population side, the lack of unified management, rational guidance, coupled with urban infrastructure, per capita consumption of scientific and traditional methods of industrial production for the reasons for the city of Chaohu Lake Basin development pressure.How to protect the ecological environment of Chaohu Lake basin, the effective management of water pollution, the study from the demographic point of view to make some considerations. First, establish the coordinated development of population and resources and the environment index system, to facilitate intuitive understanding of the basic characteristics of the population properties and environmental impact, in time to find the problem. Second, the implementation of family planning policy should be determined to reduce watershed population pressure on resources and the environment. Third, to accelerate the development of education, raise the scientific and cultural quality of the watershed population and environmental awareness, the number of disadvantaged population into human capital advantage. Fourth, to speed up the transfer of population structure, changes in watershed of economic growth, improve the quality of economic development and people's standard of living. Fifth, a reasonable guide to migration and mobility, strengthening the immigration and emigration of the water management and improve the people's water-saving awareness. Sixth, we must abandon the traditional view of material consumption in the basin and promote the establishment of civilization, the concept of sustainable consumption. Seventh, establish an adequate population urbanization policy to promote the reasonable and orderly cities in the basin development. All in all, lake pollution is an environmental issue, it is a social issue, a development issue, only the combination of natural and social sciences to the analysis of multiple perspectives is the most fundamental way to solve the problem. |
