Road Influence On Spatial Characteristics Of Ecosystem

With the rapid development of the highway, it has brought a lot of environmental problems at the same time. Road and road traffic have brought enormous benefits to human society, but the impacts of their on ecosystem are increasing. So, it is very important to understand correctly and analyze the ecological impacts. In this paper the ecosystem is abstracted as a dynamical system. We study the spatial characteristics of ecosystem under the influence of the road in theory. The main contents of this paper are as follows:1. Based the dual dynamical systems theory, we apply the dynamical system with spatial diffusion to describe the two species ecosystem, which can research the ecosystem under the influence of the road from the global level. By analysis of the stability and numerical simulation, the two species spatial characteristics of ecosystem are studied under the influence of the road. Simulation results show that:road density and traffic flow (roads diffusion coefficient) affect the system time of being stable. Under the same density of the road, the larger is traffic flow (diffusion coefficient of the road), the less is the system time of being stable; in the same traffic flow (roads diffusion coefficient), the greater is the road density, the longer is the time to achieve stability of the system.2. Considering the impact of distance and traffic flow, we improve the dynamical system of two species, we do the numerical simulation from two aspects of the ecosystem, namely:(1) analyzing the influence of their population distribution under the influence of the road in the two species ecosystems; (2) After the destruction of the ecosystem (eg fire), compareing resilience under road and no road situations in ecosystem. The simulation results show that:when the ecosystem achieves the steady condition, the smaller is the distance from the road, the greater impact on population distribution; as the distance increases, the effect become smaller; at a certain range the increasing of traffic flow will expand the effect range of ecosystem; the existence of road system makes robustness of ecosystem decline, in other words self-recovery of the ecosystem goes down.3. In the dynamical system of three species, we introduce the rock-paper-scissors game theory and simulate spatial characteristics of ecosystem under the road influence by rock-paper-scissors dynamics evolution. By the simulation and statistical discovery:the influence of the road makes the number of connected communities of the largest species reduce in the system; as the increasing number of roads, the number of connected of the largest species is gradually reduced. Therefore, the existence of the road system influences the population distribution of ecosystems, and makes the ability living in groups of animals decreased in the ecosystem.