Distribution Characteristic And Assessment Of Heavy Metals In Soil, Plants And Residents Within Sumen Area Near The Guixi Copper Smelter

In this study,we determined heavy metal(cadmium,lead,zinc,arsenic and copper)contents in plants(Solanum melongena L.,Capsicum annunm L.,Arachis hypogaea L.,Phleum paniculatum L.,Typha latifolia L.,etc),surface soils within Suman area near the Guixi Copper Smelter in Jiangxi province.Additionally,heavy metals in blood of different ages of local male residents were also analyzed.The aim was to find the relationship of heavy metal contents between plants and the total and different chemical forms of heavy metal in soils,the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in different species of plants and the different parts of the same plants. And we also studied the relationship of heavy metal contents among different ages of the local residents.Based on these investigations,we evaluated heavy metal pollution in surface soils,vegetables and bloods in the local residents of Sumen Village.The results are as follows:1)The order of the total heavy metal contents in soil is Cu＞Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cd. And a significant correlation was found between Zn and Cd,Pb and As,Cd and As. The major forms of Cu and Cd in soils are active,and Pb and Zn in soils are enriched in residual forms.2)The Cd and Pb contents in the roots of Solanum melongena L.have a significant positive correlation with the exchangeable forms and carbonate combination forms for Cd and Pb in soils,and a less correlation with Fe-Mn oxide combination forms and organic combination forms for Cd and Pb in soils.The contents of Pb in the roots of Capsicum annunm L.have a significant positive correlation among the exchangeable forms,carbonate combination forms,Fe-Mn oxide combination forms and organic combination forms for Pb,and a weak correlation when comparing with the total Pb in soils.The contents of Cd in the roots of Capsicum annunm L.have a significant positive correlation with the exchangeable forms and carbonate combination forms for Cd,and a weak correlation with other forms. 3)The absorptive capacity of heavy metals of plants changed with different species of plants.The absorptive capacity of Cu in plant roots decreased in the order: Pteris vittata L.＞Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal＞Capsicum annunm L.＞Alliurn fistulosum L.＞Typha latifolia L.＞Arachis byppogaea L.＞Solanum melongena L.＞Cucumis batatas L.;The absorptive capacity of Zn of plant roots are Capsicum annunm L.＞Solanum melongena L.＞Alliurn fistulosum L.＞Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal＞Typha latifolia L.＞Pteris vittata L.＞Cucumis batatas L.＞Arachis byppogaea L.;The absorptive capacity of Cd of plant roots are Pteris vittata L.＞Capsicum annunm L.＞Typha latifolia L.＞Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal＞Arachis byppogaea L.＞Solanum melongena L.＞Alliurn fistulosum L.＞Cucumis batatas L.; As Pteris vittata L.＞Capsicum annunm L.＞Typha latifolia L.＞Alliurn fistulosum L.＞Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal＞Solanum melongena L.＞Cucumis batatas L.＞Arachis byppogaea L.;The absorptive capacity of Pb of plant roots are Pteris vittata L.＞teris vittata L.＞Alliurn fistulosum L.＞Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal＞Arachis byppogaea L.＞Solanum melongena L.＞Capsicum annunm L.＞Cucumis batatas L..Heavy metal contents in different parts of plants are different.In Solanum melongena L.,leaf＞root＞stem＞fruit for Cu and Pb,root＞stem＞leaf＞fruit for Zn, root＞leaf＞stem＞fruit for Cd,leaf＞root＞fruit＞stem for As.In Capsicum annunm L., root＞leaf＞stem＞fruit for Cu,Zn and As,root＞stem＞leaf＞fruit for Cd,leaf＞root＞stem＞fruit for Pb.In Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal,root＞leaf＞stem for Cu and Pb, root＞stem＞leaf for Zn and Cd,leaf＞root＞stem for As.In Cucumis batatas L.,leaf＞stem＞root＞fruit for Cu,Zn and Pb,leaf＞root＞stem＞fruit for Cd and As.In Arachis byppogaea L.,root＞stem＞leaf＞putamina＞fruit for Cu and Pb,leaf＞stem＞root＞fruit＞putamina for Zn,root＞stem＞leaf＞fruit＞putamina for Cd,leaf＞stem＞root＞putamina＞fruit for As.In Alliurn fistulosum L.and Pteris vittata L.,root＞stem for all heavy metals.In Typha latifolia L.,root＞stem and leaf＞fruit for Cu,As and Pb, root＞fruit＞stem and leaf for Zn and Cd.4)Cu and Zn in blood of local residents have a little individual difference,but Pb and Cd in blood have a large individual difference,especially for Cd.And there is no significant correlation between each heavy metal in blood,and the relationship between the metals in blood and age of people are not significant.There a trend that the contents of Pb and Cd in blood decreased with the age of people wile the contents of Cu and Zn increased with age.5)The heavy metal pollution in soils is very serious.Single pollution index of Cd and Cu are more serious,the order is Cd(13.36)＞Cu(10.10)＞Zn(1.05)＞As (0.76)＞Pb(0.16).The comprehensive pollution indexes all exceed 3,indicative of severe pollution and it couldn't be used to plant crop.The local vegetables have multiple-metal contaminated.Single pollution index are Cd(4.66)＞Pb(4.64)＞As(3.59)＞Cu(0.66)＞Zn(0.32).The comprehensive pollution are Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal＞Solanum melongena L.＞Alliurn fistulosum L.＞Capsicum annunm L.＞Cucumis batatas L..The results also indicated that they couldn't be eating by human and animals.The contents of Cu,Zn and Pb in the blood of local residents are all within the range of reference values,but the contents of Cd in blood of more than 50%local residents are higher than the reference value,indicating that they have contaminated by Cd.