Study On Ecological Security Assessment Of Inner Mongolia Based On GIS And Ecological Footprint Model

The massive ecological danger and environmental debt induced by human being unreasonably exploiting the natural resource for a long time have not only restricted the development of economy, but also become a threat toward the development of society and economy at present and in the future. Therefore, people have to pay attention to the ecological security problems.In this paper, the author selected Inner Mongolia for studying area, adopted a novel ecological security assessment method——ecological footprints modal, selected indexes of farmland, grassland, forestland, and construction land, water, energy land. In this paper calculated the ecological footprints, ecological capacity, ecological deficit/surplus of Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2005, And revealed ecological security degree and spatial differentiation of Inner Mongolia for 15 years, predicted the future developing trend for several years. The results can provide a basis of theoretical for the decision-makers in this studying area. The concrete results are as follows:(1)The average ecological footprint of Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2005 show an increasing trend. From 0.9134 hm2 in 1991 increased to 3.4272 hm2 in 2005, increased by 16.8% annually. In 1992, 12 cities of Inner Mongolia, the maximum average ecological footprint is Baotou city, the next is Tongliao City and Wuhai City, the minimum is Hohhot City and Xilinguole League.In 1996, 12 cities of Inner Mongolia, the maximum average ecological footprint is Erdos city, the next is Wuhai City and Baotou City, the minimum is Chifeng City and Wulanchabu City.In 2003, 12 cities of Inner Mongolia, the maximum average ecological footprint is Wuhai City, the next is Tongliao City and Baotou City, the minimum is Xilinguole League and Wulanchabu City.(2)The ecological pressure index has obvious fluctuation . The ecological pressure index in 2005 is 2.96 times than 1991. The maximum ecological pressure index is Baotou city in 1992, the next is Alashan League, Hohhot City, Tongliao City and Bayannaoer City, belong to ecological status not pole safety; Chifeng City and Wuhai City belong to not very safety; Erdos City belong to no more safety; Xingan League, Xilinguole League and Wulanchabu City belong to more safety; Hulunbeier City belong to quite safety.The maximum ecological pressure index is Baotou city in 2003, the next is Hohhot City, Alashan League, Chifeng City, Wuhai City, Tongliao City, Bayannaoer City and Xilinguole League, belong to ecological status not pole safety; Xingan League belong to no more safety; Hulunbeier City belong to more safety; Erdos City belong to not very safety; Wulanchabu City belong to a little bit safety. (3) The ecological pressure index has decreasing tendency. The highest point is 3.0978 in 2006.2015 is 1.4609, reduced 1.6369 ratios to 2006, descent range are 52.8%, and decreased rate is 10.6%.