Degreasing Methods For The Bitter Almond And Detoxication The Hydrocyanic Acid From The Bitter Almond Essensail Oil

Bitter almond contains amygdalin and almond oil, amygdalin can be decomposed to benzaldehyde under acidic condition, benzaldehyde is one of the most widely used flavor in fragrance industry. Almond essential oil contains high contents of unsaturated fatty acids and VE, it is an advanced edible oil, also can be used in cosmetics materials.At present, it takes the principal constituent benzaldehyde content and the content of the hydrocyanic acid for the target of the bitter almond oil overseas. Generally speaking, the content of benzaldehyde is above 85%.Moreover, the content of the hydrocynic acid is between 6 - 8%. When applied to domain, food and so on must deprivate the hydrocynic acid Completely.At present, production and processing of amygdalin in China domestic market is limited to a single product, and discarded other products. In particular, amygdalin is discarded as toxic substances. This is not only wasted the resources but also caused environmental pollution. Therefore, it's necessary to study the comprehensive extracting technique of bitter almond. This article through the comprehensive research of extraction method and technique of Almond oil and bitter almond oil, provide theoretical basis and technological information for the processing and utilization of bitter almond. The results were showed as follows:1.Compared with the hot press degreasing,Cold soak and supercritical CO2, the cold press degreasing did not only get the high bitter almond fat oil rate and bitter almond oil tate, but also the content of benzaldehyde in the bitter almond essential oil,VE, oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid in the bitter almond fat oil was high.2. According to the orthogonal experiment, it analysed the primary factors of the wet distillation to the bitter alomnd essential oil by statistical analysis, the results were showed:ratio of water to material 5:1,Particle size 30,pH of hydrolysis 5,temperature 40℃,time in hydrolysis 2h and distilling time 1h. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of bitter almond oil was 7.25‰.The influence order from more to less was time in hydrolysis, ratio of water to materia, pH of hydrolysis, distilling time, temperature, particle size.3. According to the orthogonal experiment, it analysed the primary factors of deprivation of hydrocyanic acid from 0.01L bitter almond oil by statistical analysis, the results were showed: time 10min,temperature 30℃,0.1mol/LNaOH 0.4L,0.3mol/LFeSO4 0.2L,0.03mol/LCa(OH)2 1.5L. Under the optimum conditions, the hydrocyanic acid in the bitter almond essential oil was 0.212 mg/L which Conformed to the national food standard.The influence order from more to less were NaOH,temperature,Ca(OH)2,time,FeSO4.