Study On Liquefaction Of Biomass With Catalyst Of Solid Acid In Water

As the stocks of fossil resources are finite,the exploitation of new energy must be enforced.Biomass is the only renewable resource that can be translated to the liquid fuel.The widely utilization of bio-energy can not only cover the shortage of the fossil fuel,but also can decrease the environment pollution and achieve zero net emission of CO₂.Biomass direct liquefaction is an effective method to use biomass in large scale.Catalysts play an important role in the biomass liquefaction.So the research on cheap high efficiency catalyst received worldwide attention recently.Compared with traditional catalyst used in biomass liquefaction such as liquid acid and base,solid acid catalyst has high catalytic activity,less corrosion of the reactors,more convenience in recycling,little difficulties in product separation.In this thesis we prepared two kinds of catalysts ClO₄^-/Fe₂O₃-La₂O₃-ZrO₂ and ClO₄^-/Fe₂O₃ with hydrothermal synthesis and immersion respectively.Rice husk and waster paper were chose as raw materials.Liquefaction runs were performed in water phase.The results showed that,when the runs were carried with rice husk,the optimum liquefaction reaction conditions using ClC₄^-/Fe₂O₃ were 30:1(water / rice husk),catalyst dosage 4 wt.%,573K and 3h.The optimum liquefaction reaction conditions using ClO₄^-/Fe₂O₃-La₂O₃-ZrO₂ were 30:1(water / rice husk),catalyst dosage 4 wt.%,573K and Oh.When waste paper was as raw material,the optimum liquefaction reaction conditions using ClO₄^-/Fe₂O₃ were 30:1(water / waste paper), catalyst dosage 2 wt.%,573K and Oh.The optimum liquefaction reaction conditions using ClO₄^-/Fe₂O₃-La₂O₃-ZrO₂ were 30:l(water / waste paper),catalyst dosage 1wt.%,573K and Oh.In this thesis the two catalysts were characterized by FT-IR,XRD,NH₃-TPD and specific surface determination.The results of FT-IR showed that the chlorine was existed in the form of ClO₄^-.The results of XRD showed that the sizes of particles of both catalysts were in nanometer.The results of NH₃-TPD showed that the solid catalyst ClO₄^-/Fe₂O₃ has only one strong acid center,and the ClO₄^-/Fe₂O₃-La₂O₃-ZrO₂ catalyst has two acid centers that one was strong acid center and one was weak acid center.The catalyst of latter has better macroscopic properties than the former.The products of liquefaction reaction were analyzed by GC or GC-MS.The results of GC showed that the gaseous products contained H₂,CO,CH₄ and CO₂. The results of GC-MS showed that the typical compounds of the oil products were phenols,diphenols,cyclopentenone,such as 2-Cyclopenten-1-one derivatives.In addition,there were also a little of hydrocarbons,esters,alcohols,etc.