Study On The Liquefaction Of The Biomass With The Catalyst Of The Solid Super Acid

Biomass is the only renewable resource that can be translated to the liquid fuel.The translation of the biomass to the liquid fuel can cover the shortage of the fossilfuel, and it is also environment friendly. Biomass liquefied directly is an effective wayto use biomass in large scale. Catalysts play an important role in the biomass liquefieddirectly. At present, the research for the high performance and cheap catalyst isbecoming the heat issue in the world.In this thesis, we prepared a series of solid super acid catalysts, that areCl^-/ZrO₂,Cl^-/ZrO₂-Fe₂O₃ and Cl^-/Fe₂O₃. These catalysts were characterized byFourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), Fourier-transformed Raman (FT-Raman), X-raydiffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects ofreaction conditions for biomass transformation were studied. In experiments thecatalyst were modified by plasma. The liquefaction of rice husk, pubescens or cornstalk carried out in the stainless steel autoclave using the ethylene glycol as thesolvent, respectively. The productions of liquefaction for rice husk were analyzed byGC-MS.The results of biomass liquefaction showed the catalyst Cl^-/ZrO₂ was moreeffective than the other two catalysts for rice husk liquefaction reaction. The catalystCl^-/ZrO₂-Fe₂O₃ was the best for pubescens liquefaction reaction in the three catalysts.Solid super acid Cl^-/Fe₂O₃ displays very good catalytic effective in the liquefactionreaction for pubescens and corn stalk.The optimum conditions of liquefaction were studied. In rice husk liquefactionthe residue yield was 0 by using Cl^-/ZrO₂ 8% (wt% of the reactant) as catalyst underreaction of 300℃and 3 hours. The advantage using solid super acid is that thiscatalyst was easily separated and can be recycled. After being used ten times ofCl^-/ZrO₂, the resident of flee husk in our novel liquefaction process is under 13.3%.The results of experiment showed that catalyst's (Cl^-/ZrO₂) activities were increasedafter modification by plasma. The results of FT-IR, FT-Raman, TEM and XRDindicated that the catalyst is no more than 25 nm particles in monoclinic crystallineform with ClO₄^- composition.The residue yield of pubescens was 0 by using Cl^-/ZrO₂-Fe₂O₃ 8% (wt% of thereactant) as catalyst under 300℃, 3 hours. By using catalyst Cl^-/Fe₂O₃ the residueyield of pubescens or corn stalk were all 0 under the reaction condition of 300℃, 3 hours and 4% catalyst (wt% of the reactant).The analysis by GC-MS confirmed that the products of rice husk liquefactionwere mainly compounds contain oxygen, such as phenol, alcohol and aldehyde and soon. The compounds with low boiling point were Cyclopentenone, phenol and theirderivatives. The components of bio-oil in the high boiling point were alcohol,aldehyde and ester. In solution the bio-oil was mainly 3-methyl-2-butanol.