Index System For Evaluating Cropland Pollution In The Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain

With the development of population and agricultural technology, the farmland pollution in someareas in China becomes more and more serious. To Strength monitoring and evaluation of farmlandquality and environment is very important and effective to ensure the foodstuff quality. In order topromote the agricultural trade and sustainable development, we must stipulate a new related industrystandard and proposal a evaluation index systems for the farmland pollution., evaluation. Building aappropriate evaluation system is the prelude of controlling farmland pollution and is of great actualmeaning.After consulted with several experts, we offered the evaluation index system in theYellow-Huaihe-Haihe river plain region based on the method of ecology, pollution ecology andenvironment evaluation theory and have ascertained the proportion of the indexes. At last we have aexample analysis with the evaluation index system for the Huantai County of Shandong Provincewhich was typical for the grain production areas. The results showed that:1. The risk of farmland pollution in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe river plain region keep increasing inthe recent years with the increasing of industrial and residential contamination. To strength the pollutionevaluation and precaution is essential for the the high yield and high quality of grain in this region,which was the central area of grain produce.2. The Pollution evaluation index contains three theories, they are ecology theory, pollution ecologyand the environment evaluation theory. The first and second theory are the basic theory while the lastone is the methodology of the farmland pollution index.3. To construct the index system of farmland pollution, we must consider the following factors: thelocal conditions, the integration, the scientific and practical principle, the combination of static anddynamic evaluation, the combination of traditional and modern methods, comparability and priority.4. We constructed the farmland pollution evaluation index system based on the method of Delphi.The procedure are as following:â‘ A series of evaluation index was designed as the form of questionnaire and consulted with experts;â‘¡make a statistical analysis and converge the consulted results, report the results to the experts;â‘¢After several rounds of consultation, the opinion of experts became consistently and the lastevaluation index system was produced. The middle weights was used when we determined theproportion of indexes.5. The pollution evaluation system of Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe river plain district conclude four factors:soil, irrigation water, atmosphere and biology.The evaluation index for soil are: the heavy metal pollution, soil physical and chemical properties,the fertilizer residue and the new pesticide residues. The soil properties index include organic matter,texture and bulk density. Fertilizer residues include the Nitrogen and available phosphorus. The Soilpesticide residues index include the sulfonylurea, atrazine and plastic sheeting. The evaluation index for the irrigation water conclude more than 20 indexes, such as ph, the index ofpotassium permanganate, anionic surfactant and dissolved oxygen was deleted as the experts advicebecause of their minor effect in the pollution assessment.The evaluation index of the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe river plain atmosphere selected the atmospherictemperature, humidity, SO₂, TSP, NO_x, O₃, CO₂.The evaluation index of the biology mainly consider the sensitive population structure, biodiversityindex, and plant diseases and insect pests.6. The example analysis of Huantai county showed that the integrated index of soil pollution isbetween 0.23-0.58, the coefficient of variation is 0.2 which suggest the health of soil. The irrigationwater integrated index is between 0.33-0.94. There are 15 areas which exceed 0.5.The integrated index of soil pollution in Huantai County decreases from east to west. The waterquality in the East-South and West-North region are comparatively bad. The Huantai County lies in theeconomic developed area and is characteristic of advanced industry, the pollution water was irrigatedmainly focused on the West-North region (70%). The results drawn from the evaluation index coincidedwith the actual status in this region indicated the scientific and reasonable of the evaluation indexsystem.