| Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are very essential nutrient elements for all forms of life as a basic building block of plant and animal proteins. However, too much of it can lead eutrophication. The traditional methods for ammonium and organic removal from municipal and industrial wastewater are based on biological treatment. Additionally, air-stripping, chemical treatment and selective ion-exchange are also used widely in the different kinds of wastewater. As ammonia is usually found as ammonium ion (NH4+) in aqueous environments and discharge limits of various pollutions becomes more stringent, ion-exchange as a more flexible process which dose not depend on a steady state environment becomes more interesting. Therefore, several researches have been performed on ion-exchange. The main ion-exchangers from papers are resins, zeolite, active carbon, clay, bentonite, clinker-built clinoptilolites, mordenite and so on. Among these materials, adsorption methods using zeolite can be promising because of its low-cost, high ion-exchange feature and their wide availability on the earth. There are several types of them as natural and synthetic. Both of them have the ability to removal cations from solutions concerning adsorption and ion-exchange features, the main feature.Ion-exchange is a process where ion held by electrostatic force to changed functional groups on the surface of a solid material of similar change in a solution that is in contact with the solid.The object of the present study was to investigate the removal of nitrogen in the form of ammonium ion (NH4+-N) from aqueous solutions using Na-form of KAD. The Chinese KAD and modified KAD from the province of Fujian were used as ion-exchange materials. Sodium hydroxide modification of natural KAD was performed. In this study, effects of stirring time and initial ammonium concentration... |
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