Ecology Environment Evaluation And Protection Countermeasure Study For Wetland Wetland Of Yili Xinjiang

Wetland is one of the most important ecological systems of land, it is not substituted in maintaining and regulating ecology environment quality. To build and to use scientific and banausic evaluation of ecology environment methods and index system is the basis of wetland utilization and protection and management and is the basis of providing reasonable measures. The wetland of Yili Xinjiang is migration and propagating terra of many rare birds and many birds'survival be in severe danger, which taking the role of maintaining local ecology balance. But the Wetland lessened sharply and the quality of ecology environment reduced obviously after a long time unreasonable exploitation and utilization. It is important to improve researching and protecting level and to ensure sustainable utilization of the wetland and related resources, through evaluating and analysing ecology environment quality of the Wetland of Yili xinjiang and mastering the ecology and management question over-all.Based on the full grasp of the international and domestic wetland environmental evaluation methods and techniques, using united method of "3S", classical environment and resource research, comparison between theory and technique, evaluation index system was established in which involved 15 indexes such as water resource ensure ratio, water quality deteriorate ratio and so on. Every environmental suite can be divided into 4 quality grades, and according to state 《Environment quality grade standard of the surface water》(GB3838-88), to study for ecology environment quality and cause of environment degeneration and main determinant factor and the sustainable protection and utilization of and utilization measure of Yili Xinjiang wetland. The result indicated that:1,Because of nature factors and reclaiming and cultivating, and browse, the wetland were lessened gradually which lessened 30 percents from 311290 hm2 to 239453.9 hm2 and from 3 kilometers to 2 kilometers of the distribution range.2,Ecology services capability reduced gradually such as the space time and nutrition structures of wetlands ecology environment system, environment quality, hydrology regulation, water net, climate mend and biology diversity protection. Environment frangibility index is 0.18, which in middle degree.3,The whole Water environment is well, which embodied the other indexes achieved or exceeded the second degree surface water expect for feces coliform in 21 indexes. The integration level of the water environment was belongs to the second degree surface water. But Hydroxybenzen and arsenic, hydrogen , 6 cations chromium are venomousness in which veryfew was over indexed and times out-checked, thus Yili river was polluted some degrees in main stream and the branches.4> The wetlands biology resources species reduced and the individual species was closed to disappear. River and vale forest and wetland meadow vegetation destroyed badly. The Community structures were simple and the biology quantities were reduced. The habitats and shelters for Wild animals and especially rare ones were forfeited. Sub-forests areas in river valley lessened 6600 hm2. Some cherished trees such as small leaf baina were exposed to destroy. The national protection wild animals such as bustard and small bao are facing to disappear.The reason for Yili wetland ecology environment quality reducing of Xinjiang was that the institutions for wetland protection and management unhealthy, technique and measures not perfect, the cognition for wetlands protection and the value defective, correlated scientific research lag, property right about wetland specious, exploitation and utilization disorder, protecting measures from pollution not do there best, over cultivation and grass, lands utilization mode change and regional water resources over used.The Wetland of Yili is divided into the protection zone and the resuming zone. The protection zone is divided into river, swamp, habitat of birds, sight, manual Wetland, Wetland park, nature protection 7 small protection zones etc.To constitute the correspondence measure of protecting management in each protection zone. To constitute the correspondence rebuilding and resuming and management measure according to utility actuality of land and environment quality in resuming zone. Ultimately, to form a protection pattern of Wetlands on framework of a river and three fountainhead and a support of engineering and small protection zone and small resuming zone.