Study On The Photochemistry Of Amides And Imides And Synthesis Of Gemini Surfactants

The paper is composed of two parts:In the first part, the photo-reaction of amides irradiated by 254 nm ultraviolet light is investigated. Under the irradiation of low pressure mercury lamp, the (-bond between C4-C5 in 5,5-dimethylhydantoin cleaves, which result in the formation of isocyanate as intermediate. Then the formed isocyanate reacts with the alcohol solvent to form ester. We also found for the first time that the reaction between ketone and alcohol to ketal was catalyzed by benzamide and their derivatives, and the related mechanism is proposed. Furthermore, under the same irradiation condition, the photo-reaction of succimide with alcohol as well as the photolysis of benzene sulfonamide was also found and studied.In the second part, a series of anionic gemini surfactants are synthesized. The p-nonylphenol and dihalides are used to prepare diethers. The diethers are then sulfonated and neutralized to produce gemini surfactants which include two hydrophobic groups and two hydrophilic groups linked by an spacer. The reaction condition with high yield is optimized.