Catalytic Upgrading Of Bio-oil By Cation Exchange Resin In Microwave

Facing the rapid growth of energy consumption demand and fossil fuels exhausting, biological resources, is regarded as a kind of renewable energy source and recived more and more attention. Bio-oil, a liquid product from biomass via liquefaction or pyrolysis, is regarded as a promising renewable energy source by the virtue of its environmentally friendly potential. The bio-oil is a complicated oxygenated mixture which generally contains a wide variety of acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols and sugars, and as a result, bio-oil exhibits some undesired properties such as high viscosity, acidity and high water. Consequently, crude bio-oil needs to be upgraded to remove organic acids to improve the quality of oil before its application.There are qualitative methods to upgrade bio-oil, mainly divided into the physical and chemical processing. The physical process mainly included emulsification and separation of extraction, etc. Chemical deposition mainly includes catalysis hydrogenation, catalytic cracking, steam reforming and catalytic esterification. Bio-oil has such characteristics as species diversity and carbon deposition, so that catalytic at high temperature and physical refining are difficult and low efficiency. While catalytic esterification of oil is relatively simple, efficient, and more economical, so obtain more and more attention.Catalytic esterification of bio-oil in microwave is mainly considered to transfer the oxygenated compounds into stable and flammable oxygenated organics, which is based on the organic chemical composition of oil.1. Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil by cation exchange resin in microwaveAccording to composition of characteristics of bio-oil, esterification, as a new method to upgrade crude bio-oil, was brought forward. Crude bio-oil was upgraded in ethanol using 732# cation exchange resin as catalyst and heating by microwave.2. The synthesis, characterization of ion exchange resin modified by ZnCl2 and the effect for esterification under microwaveIn the study, ion-exchange method was used to prepare a ZnCl2 modified cation exchange resin. Several factors were examined and the optimal preparation conditions for the ZnCl2 modified ion exchange resin were found. Meanwhile, the H+exchange capacity of the ZnCl2 modified ion exchange resin was investigated by acid-base titration. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption were used to characterize the catalyst, Gas chromatography was used to investigate its catalytic performance for the esterification under microwave. In the study, ion-exchange method was used to prepare a ZnCl2 modified cation exchange resin. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption were used to characterize the catalyst.3. Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil by ZnCl2 exchanged resin in microwaveEsterification in microwave, as a new method to upgrade crude bio-oil, was brought forward according to the composition characteristics of bio-oil. Crude bio-oil was upgraded in ethanol using 732# cation exchange resin and ZnCl2 exchanged resin as catalyst and heating by microwave. The results showed that upgrading process by ZnCl2 exchanged resin performed effectively and heating by microwave can effectively promote the upgrading process compared to traditional water-bath heating.4. Catalytic upgrading of light bio-oil through esterification in microwaveVacuum distillation was taken as the way to separate the bio-oil. To study the chemical mechanisms of light bio-oil, three compounds acetic acid, ethanol and furfural were chosen as model reactants, and ZnCl2 exchanged resin was acknowledged as the optimum choice among the solid acid catalysts utilized in our system.