Study On Remain Geographic Distribution, Community Characteristics And Population Ecology Of Endangered Species Picea Neoveitchii

The research focused mainly on the Geographic distribution, community characteristics, population ecology and environmental factor of Picea neoveitchii. The major factors to influence the presence of the species were analyzed and determined, furthermore, the protection measures and strategies were also suggested. The main results were as follows.The populations of Picea neoveitchii restricted in alpine and subalpine, which is between subtropical and temperate zones, and ranged from northwest towards southeast, mostly lying in Qinling mountain and the branch. Due to all investigated populations were influenced by artificial factor, the number of wild individual decreased rapidly to less than 5000. Picea neoveitchii has become an endangered species because of great decline on population size. Some factors including few female individuals, few young individuals and a low level of germination rate in natural environments result in a limit of enlargement of its populations.126 species of spermatophyte belonging to 51 families and 97 genera exist in 64 plots with total area of 6400m in 12 communities. Dominant families of the communities are Pinus, Taxodiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rosaceae, compositae, Cupuliferae, leguminosae, lilaceae, Betulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Araliaceae and Salicaceae. The north temperate families and genera were relatively more than those of old world temperate and east asia families and genera, the tropic families and genera was rare. The majority of the communities was Picea neoveitchii, and secondly were Pinus armandi and Hemlock. The community could be divided into 4 different ones based on various character.The diversity of species among Picea neoveitchii communities was under the sequence of herb layer> shrub layer> tree layer. But the sequence of ecological dominance was just opposite. The evenness index of tree layer was also very low, which fully indicated that Picea neoveitchii is the majority of tree layer and whole communities.According to the research of the communities, indicated a notable positive correlation among species.From our study we can find that the numbers of Picea neoveitchii population was very limited, no good regeneration of seedling, which showed that the population is of declining type. Its survival curve could be left-skewed type. The discipline of mortality ratio showed the similar dynamics to that of the disappearance rate.The investigations showed that main factors threatening Picea neoveitchii were not from genetic variation, but from artificial factors, such as habitat destruction and overexploitation. The intrinsic factors of endangerment may include narrow geographic area, island pattern of distribution, low levels of germination rates in natural environments, and high levels of death rates of seedlings.Based on state of endangerment for Picea neoveitchii, two conservation strategies are proposed. The in situ conservation plan should be emphasized on the whole populations and environments of Picea neoveitchii in order to slow down the die out among species, protect the habitat and promote the natural regeneration. The ex situ plan should be taken into cross-transplant adult plants or seedlings mutually and properly among populations in order to enhance the gene flow. By these means, the genetic diversity resources of the species could be preserved to the greatest extent.